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Field Museum of Natural history LIBRARY
Chiragn
TRANSACTIONS
SOUTH AFRICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Ol Wen X Ve, 1907-1908.
WITH TWENTY PLATES.
CAPE TOWN: PUBS ED ye BY EH). SOCIEY,
1908.
CONTENTS.
THE OPISTHOBRANCHIATA OF SouTH ArFricA. By R. BEreu
A New Species or Planocera (P. Gilchristt) FRoM SouTH Arrica. By Lypia JacuBowa.
New Forms or tHE Henuchordata FRoM SoutH AFRICA. By J. D. F. Gincuristr
On a Parasitic CopErpop FRoM Cephalodiscus. By W. T. CALMAN
On THE GENUS Botellina (Carpenter), witH A DESCRIPTION oF A New Species. By F. Gorpon PEARCEY
151
177
185
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TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. Vion. OVE
THE OPISTHOBRANCHIATA OF SOUTH AFRICA. By R. Bereu, Copenhagen. (With fourteen Plates)
The number of Opisthobranchiata hitherto known from the coast of South Africa is very small. Krause described a Plewrobranchus granulatus, Vayssiére a Plewrobranchea capensis, Rang a Melibe rosea, Stimpson a Tritonia pallida and a Triopa lucida.
The investigations of late years of the Cape Government, carried out under the direction of Dr. Gilchrist, have considerably aug- mented the number, and have furnished the material for the following report.
The East and South Coasts of South Africa are washed by a prolongation of the great equatorial current from the Indian Ocean ; the West, on the contrary, by the cold Antarctic current. Some- times, however, it happens that the warm Agulhas current passes up this side, while at other times the cold Antarctic current passes further to the Hast.* In general there is a marked difference
* Gilchrist, ‘‘ Observations on the Temperature and Salinity of the Sea around the Cape Peninsula.” Mar. Inv. I., 1902, pp. 181-216. Gilchrist, ‘‘ Currents on the South African Coast, as Indicated by the Course of Drift Bottles,” part ii. 1904, pp. 155-166. 1
2 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
between the fauna of the West side of the Cape of Good Hope Peninsula and that of the East. The latter has more of a tropical Indian character, the former a somewhat more Northern, although typically tropical forms of Nudibranchiata (e.g., the Melibe) are not wanting.
TECTIBRANCHIATA. ANASPIDEA.
APLYSIIDA. APLYSIIDZ PROPRIA.
I. Apuysia, L.
Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. xii., 1767, p. 1072.
Cuvier, Tableau Elém. (1798) an v., p. 386, pl. ix., fig. 3. Lamarck, Syst. des Anim. s.v. 1801, p. 62.
R. Bergh, Die Opisthobranchiata der Siboga Expedition, 1905,
p. 3. i, Arm. GincuRistr, Bont sp:
Animal colore brunneo albo-maculato. PS ehies: ol aie tional
A living specimen was procured in False Bay in February, 1905 (Pl. X., fig. 1). It was brown in colour, the sides of the foot with many small white spots and white border, the outer border of the wings with larger white blotches, and many fine black perpendicular lines on their outer side. It swam dexterously and at a fair speed through the water.
The animal, in a contracted condition (preserved in formalin), had a length of 65 cm. and, with raised parapodia, a height of 3 and a breadth of 2°56; the breadth of the head (with its 7 mm. long tenta- cles) 2 cm., the height of the rhinophores 6 mm., the length of the mantle-shield 2°5 cm., its breadth 2, the length of the sipho 1, the breadth of the foot proper (sole) 9 mm., the length of the tail 8, the length of the foot-wings 4 cm., with an inside height of 1:7.— The colour of the sole of the foot is blackish brown with a whitish margin, the animal otherwise of a dark brown colour, whitish rather elongate spots on the sides of the body, some also on the outside of the wings and a series of larger blots along the margin, the inside of the wings of the same brown colour with afew whitish spots towards
The Optsthobranchiata of South Africa. 3
the whitish margin, the mantle and the sipho of somewhat brighter brownish colour with spread roundish whitish spots.
The animal has large, rather flattened tentacles, the sole of the foot not narrow, with distinct margins, the wings high, meeting behind and connecting with the tail; on the mantle no aperture could be detected, the somewhat grayish gill 22 mm. long by a height of 10 and a thickness of 6, nearly its half freely projecting, the number of groups of lamelle about 15.
The shell 2:3 cm. in length with a breadth of 2 and a height of about 0°5; of quite usual form, with a thin calcified, very fragile layer and a rather large cuticular margin.
The eyes of a diameter of about 1 mm.
The length of the mouth tube 3 mm. The bulbus pharyngeus grayish, 9 mm. long, with a height and a breadth of 6.. The mandi- bular plates larger, meeting above and beneath, 4°5 mm. high with a breadth of 2:25; their full anterior half black brownish, the rest yellowish ; their staff-formed elements up to at least 0-2 mm. high by a diameter at the slightly thickened upper end of 0:016. The gray palate as usual, its plates with the usual thin hooks of a height of up to at least 0°2 mm. The brownish yellow rasp of the broad tongue containing about 36 series of plates, in the short and thick sheath 10 series, the total number thus being 46; in the series up to 33 plates. The plates in the thicker parts yellow ; the breadth of the median 0°28 mm.; the 4 outermost measured 0:08-0°12-0':18, and 0°25 mm., the length then rising to 0°35 by a height of 0:24 mm. The median plate (Pl. I., fig. 1) not broad, with finely denticulated hook and two denticles at its root. The two outer plates (fig. 2a) without hook, the next with a small single one, the following with denticular hook (fig. 2). The plates otherwise of the usual form, with pointed finely denticulated hook and a stronger denticle towards its root or (on the outside) with 2-4 (fig. 3).
The long thin white salivary glands as usual.
The black cesophagus 10 mm. long by a breadth of 1:25. The first stomach nearly colourless, 14 mm. long by a diameter of 10, empty. The masticatory stomach, brownish gray, 8 mm. long by a diameter of 6, two series of rather low thorns before the cardia, the facets of the stomach as usual, with 8 larger and about 6 smaller plates, the larger of about the same size, of a height of 3-5 mm., dirty yellow, the smaller paler, less regularly pyramidal. The third stomach 5 mm. long and broad, without facets, as it were.
The brownish gray conical lwer 14 mm. long by other diameter of 9, the end of the long (about 4 mm.) gall-bladder freely projecting on the surface of the liver.
4 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
The yellow hermaphrodite gland covering the end and the hinder upper side of the liver with a layer 4 mm. thick, 8 mm. long, and 7 mm. broad, its duct long and strong. The yellowish white and erayish anterior genital mass as usual, the grayish globular spermato- theca 6 mm. in diameter. The brownish gray penis 11 mm. long by a diameter of 2°25, nearly cylindrical, the inside of the prasputium with strong blackish longitudinal folds ; the white glans 7 mm. long, very pointed, somewhat turned, with rather deep furrow.
2, APL. ALLOCHROA, B. n. sp. Pl. L., figs. 4-10.
Two individuals of nearly the same size were caught at Knysna at low tide on the shore between the jetty and the village. One of them gave off a good deal of red pigment.
The length was 25 mm. with a breadth of 10 and a height of 11, the oval mantle 12 mm. long, its round hole of a diameter of 8, the sipho 4 mm. long by a breadth of 3, the length of the somewhat flattened gill 5 with a breadth of 2 mm.; the foot 4 mm. broad, the wings 13 mm. long, their height (on the inside) 5, the length of the tail 4. They were one-coloured, yellow, merely the cleft of the rhinophores and the tentacles black and on the free inner margin of the foot-wings a series of small black spots, the gill slightly brownish.
The skin quite smooth all over. The foot-wings coalescent behind. The under-side of the mantle brim brown, richly provided with small glands. The shell (fig. 4) very difficult to see and to loosen, 11 mm. long with a diameter of 9, very flattened, very thin cuticular, with small nucleus, without any trace of calcification, nearly colourless.
The central nervous system as usual.
The bulbus pharyngeus dirty yellowish, 5 mm. long with a breadth of 3°5 and a height of 3; two grayish, as it were, palate plates shone through the roof of the mouth cavity, but no trace of armature could be detected. The longish triangular mandibles brown, anteriorly nearly black, 1:75 mm. high by a breadth up to 1, their elements (fig. 5) up to 0:18 mm. in height by a diameter of 0:009. The rasp. of the tongue yellowish brown, containing 22 rows of plates, in addition 15 in the sheath, the total number of the series thus being 37; about 20 plates in the rows. These last with exception of the 2°3 outer brownish yellow; the length of the 6 outer (fig. 8) was 0:06-0:08-0:1—0:12-0:18-0°25, and seemed not to become higher, the breadth of the median plates 0:35 mm. These last (fig. 6) with
The Oprsthobranchiata of South Africa. 9)
finely denticulated hook and at the base of this two pointed denticles. The first lateral plates (fig. 7) with strong hook finely denticulated on the margins and at its base two strong denticles. On most of the lateral plates the margins of the hook were even, but at its base two pointed denticles on each side; the 4-5 outer (fig. 8) had no hook.
The salivary glands as usual.
The first stomach 8 mm. long by a diameter of 7, at its pylorus two series of irregularly roundish facets. The masticatory stomach brownish, of a diameter of 3 and a length of 25 mm., showing 9 larger and 4 smaller plates, all yellow, the first up to 1:5 mm. high, of the usual pyramidal form, the later partly more conical (fig. 9). The third stomach 2 mm. long, around its cardiac opening a few rounded tubercles; but no thorns could be found. The liver brownish gray, sackformed, 10 mm. long by diameter of 6.
The hermaphrodite gland in colour scarcely differing from the liver, in the male and female lobules ripe genital elements. The somewhat compressed anterior genital mass about 5 mm. long, whitish and yellowish, the sperm-oviduct 6 mm. long. The penis (fig. 10) straightened out 6 mm. long, yellowish, the white glans in its hinder end 1 mm. long, to its posterior end a small prostata gland seemed affixed (fig. 10).
This form represents perhaps a new species.
3. APL. GARGANTUA, B. n. sp. Ei stigc = 2 Pei fig. 1
One individual was taken on the beach at Simon’s Town (2.11.99).
Preserved in formalin it had a length of 18 cm. by a breadth of 7°5 and a height of 6°7 cm., the length of the side of the head from the mouth to the end of the tentacles 3 cm. (on each side) by a breadth of 1:8, the tentacles and the rhinophores 7 mm. long. The mantle 7d cm. long by a breadth of 4:5, its sipho 2°8 em. long with a breadth of 1:8. The gill is of a length of 4 cm. with a height of 2:2, and a breadth of 2, the number of tufts of lamellz on each side about 15. The foot-wings (parapodia) reaching from the region behind the rhinophores to the tail, the height of the wings on the inside up to 3°50 cm.—The ground colour of the whole of the back with the wings and mantle clear brownish gray with very many irregular rather large white spots, the upper half of the inside of the wings coloured in the same way here as on the mantle, the spots often confluent in large patches, the lower part of the inside of the wings whitish, the sides of the body grayish, the foot dirty yellowish white.
6 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
The form of the animal as usual, the fore end of the head rather large, the tentacles proper and the rhinophores rather small, the male genital opening at the root of the (right) head-wing (about 9 mm. from the mouth). The seminal furrow very distinct, the vulva rather thick. The mantle a little convex, without hole (to the shell) ; the posterior third of the gill freely projecting, the anal aperture flat, the branchio-pericardial on usual place. The margin on the foot-wings finely crenulated, the foot rounded anteriorly, with pronounced marginal furrow.
The shell measured (floating in water) 6 cm. in length bya breadth of 4, the height was about 7 mm.; it was quite cuticular, somewhat: yellowish, without trace of calcification, the nuclear part very small (igs).
The cavity of the body extends to the root of the tail.
The central nervous system as usual.
The mouth tube 8 mm. long, grayish, darker on the inside. The bulbus pharyngeus 17 mm. long with a breadth of 13 and a height of 12 mm., whitish with gray palate, the thick rasp-sheath forming a prominence on the under side. The mandibles 9 mm. high with a breadth of 4:5 and a thickness of about 0:3, the posterior margin convex, the anterior somewhat concave; the colour brownish yellow, the anterior half darker; the elements high, rather straight, up to 0:3 mm. long (fig. 12) with diameter of 0°007 mm. The median part of the palate as usual, the thorns of the lateral parts thin, colourless, somewhat bent, of a height up to 0°20 mm. (fig. 13). The large tongue with brownish yellow rasp ; the whole organ was so hardened that a proper examination was impossible; the rasp contained per- haps about 30 and the sheath about 12 rows of plates. The median plates could not be seen; the length of the body of the six outer laterals was 0:04-0:08-0°10-0:20-0°25 and 0°30 mm., and did not seem to be more; that of the innermost scarcely exceeded 0°25 mm.; the colour of the plates yellow. The lateral plates (figs. 14-16) nearly of the usual form, with long pointed hook, whose inferior half bore denticles, larger on the outer margin, the upper half with some very fine denticles. The outer plates are much smaller, nearly or quite reduced to the basal plate (fig. 15a).
The salivary glands a little depressed, yellowish white, about 4 cm. long, with a breadth in the anterior part of 2 mm., their duct very short.
The esophagus (PI. II, fig. la) rather dark gray, 2 mm. long with a breadth of 5. It dilates suddenly in (fig. 1b) the anterior stomach, which is somewhat bent, before smooth, and with some (5) strong circular bands. The length of this rather stiff, somewhat cylindrical
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. fs
stomach was 3°5 cm. with a diameter of 1:6 (the gray folds of the cesophagus continued through the foremost part of the stomach. Its cavity was filled with long, whitish, somewhat ramified threads of an alga of a diameter mostly of 0°5-0'75 mm.). The second, masti- catory stomach 1:3 em. long by a diameter of 2 (fig. 1c); in the cardia a belt of smaller plates, set in 3-5 irregular quincunx-series. (figs. 17, 18); behind these the two series of larger plates (fig. 17) ; these last of a dirty brown colour, mostly of the pyramidal form, sometimes (fig. 18) more hornlike, rising to a height of 8 mm.; the plates of the cardial belt smaller, less regular, sometimes pointed- conical rising to a height of 4 mm. The third stomach (fig. ld) 2 cm. long by a diameter of 2°3, its wall thinner than that of the two other; it passes immediately in the intestine (fig. le), which has a diameter of 7°5 mm., and as usual runs in the surface of the liver.
The liver blackish gray, black in section, 4°5 cm. long by a height of 3 and a breadth of 3°5 cm.
The hermaphrodite gland placed obliquely on the hinder end of the liver whitish, of a breadth of 3 cm., with a height of 2, and a thickness up to 1:2 cm., rather smooth on the free side; in the lobules ripe genital elements. The duct rather short, of a diameter of 4 mm., forming an ampulla with short windings, extending along the whole side of the anterior genital mass. The anterior genital mass large. The muco-albuminous mass oviform, of a length of 20 by a diameter of 11 mm., yellowish in the pos- terior two-thirds, with some (4) grayish spirally circular bands. The strong, nearly cylindrical spermoviduct nearly as long as the whole gland by a diameter of 8 mm., the under half brown, the upper yellowish. The spermatotheca globular, of a diameter of 9 mm., its duct a little longer. The penis a little bent (Pl. L, fig. 19), 15 mm. long, at its hinder end a strong retractor. This hinder end globular, of 3 mm. diameter, whitish; the rest, the preputium, 12 mm. long, grayish. The inside of the preeputium darker, with longitudinal folds, of which two stronger are continued in the furrow of the glans; from the bottom of the preputial cavity projected (fig. 20) the pointed head of the glans, show- ing a furrow, which is continued up into the small cavity of the rest of the glans (fig. 21); in retracted state of the penis situated behind the praputium (fig. 19a), it did not show any glandular structure.
This form may represent a new species.
8 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
4, APL. LOBATA, B. n. sp. Pl. II., figs. 8-12.
One specimen was procured from Woodstock beach (Table Bay) ; it was preserved in a rather contracted condition.
It was 3 cm. long with a breadth of 2°5 and a height of 2; the length of the mantle shield 2°3 with a breadth of 1:7, the length of its hole 6 mm., the sipho about 8 mm. high with a breadth of 10, the height of the foot-wings (on the inside) 14 mm., the breadth of the foot 9mm. The animal was dirty yellowish white in colour.
The foot-wings with grossly undulated margin. They both showed at about the middie of their length a perpendicular fissure with a smaller one before and behind. They coalesced posteriorly, and in front nearly covered the head with a prominent lobe 8 mm. long. The mantle very large and prominent; the gill bent, 13 mm. long, with a breadth of 7 and a thickness of 4. The whole body was quite smooth.
The shell (fig. 8) of usual form, 2:2 cm. long with a breadth of 1:7, very thin, its calcareous layer broken in many small pieces.
The foot-wings were of curious form, lobed and both so sym- metrical that it scarcely could be by mutilation. The gill with about twelve compound pairs of lamellae, the last third freely projecting, the anus and the renal pore very distinct.
The bulbus pharyngeus 8 mm. long with a breadth and a height of 6; the mandibular plates 1:5 mm. broad, dirty yellow, their elements (fig. 9) somewhat bent, of a height up to 0°22 mm. with a diameter of 0-013, a little flattened at the point. The palate thorns erect, plump, of a height up to 0°06 mm. The brownish yellow rasp of the tongue contained 32 series of plates, in the sheath 18, the total number of plates being therefore 50, the number of plates in the series 15. The plates yellow, the median 0°35 mm. broad, the length of the basal part of the four outer lateral plates 0:06—0:10-0:14-0°20 mm., and mounting up to 0°30, that of the first (inmost) 0°28 mm. The median plates (fig. 10) with three denticles at the base of the finely denticulated hook ; the lateral plates (fig. 10) with finely denticulated hook, with one denticle at the inside of its root, with 2-3 on its outside ; the 3(—4) outer lateral plates (fig. 11) without hook.
The masticatory stomach small, 4 mm. long with a diameter of 4; it showed about five clear yellowish white pyramids of a height of about 2°5 mm.; close at the cardiac end 2-3 series of small roundish tubercles. The liver yellow.
The penis (fig. 12) 9 mm. long, no armature.
This form seems to represent a definite species.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 9
.5, APL. BUSIPHONATA, B. n. sp. Pl. IIil., figs. 5-15.
Of this form one specimen was procured in May, 1902, at Hast London. .
It hada length of 8-5 cm. by a height of 5 and a breadth of 4:5; the height of the rhinophores and tentacles was 5 mm., the length of the foot-wings was 6°5, their height (on the inside) 2 cm.; the length of the mantle 3-3 cm., the breadth 2:4; the height of the large sipho 2:2 cm., its breadth at the base 2°6, at the upper end 1:2 cm. ; the breadth of the foot 2 em.—The ground colour of the upper side, whitish, the head and the neck blackish, due to black partly con- fluent stripes; the outside and inside of the foot-wings with spread rather large irregular black spots; the mantle clear grayish with a few black spots and some black stripes radiating from the centre ; the foot clear dirty yellowish.
The form as usual. The foot-wings large, reaching to the root of the very short tail, their margin very slightly undulated, the outside and the inside quite smooth. The mantle of oval circuit, the anterior end a little more pointed, on the centre of the somewhat convex upper side there may be a fine opening; the sipho (figs. 5, 6) very large, embracing a great part of the upper side, fixed to the hinder wall; the anus was seen in the upper part of the siphonal channel; the large mantle quite covered the gill with exception of its pointed end (fig. 6). In the mantle no trace of a shell could be found. The somewhat brownish gill strongly curved, the chorda measured 14 mm., its height 11, its thickness 6 mm., on the underside a broad furrow between the lamelle ; its last fourth freely projecting.
The central nervous system as in other true Aplysiz ; the pleural ganglia not half as large as the pedal, lying next to these and before them.
The length of the mouth tube 5 mm. The bulbus pharyngeus 10 mm. long by a height and a breadth of 8. The hooks of the gray palate as usual, somewhat grayish, as much as 0°20 mm. high (fig. 8). The mandibular plates strong, brown, broader in the upper end, 4 mm. high by a breadth of 2:5 and a thickness of 0:25 mm.; their high elements (fig. 7) of a diameter of 0'009 mm. The tongue with brown rasp, containing 28 rows of plates, in the sheath 18, the total number of rows being thus 46; the number of lateral plates on each side of the median about 26. The plates were yellow, only the outer nearly colourless; the breadth of the median 0-25 mm.; the length of the body of the first lateral 0°25, the length
10 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
rising to 0:30 mm., the body of the four outer measuring 0:10- 0-14-0:18-0:29 mm. in length. The median plates (fig. 9) some- what plump, their legs rather short, their hook strong, and den- ticulated along the margins; the lateral plates (figs. 10-12) of the usual form, the strong hook with 4-5 denticles at the root of the outer margin, the point with fine denticles, mostly somewhat stronger on one margin; the 4 outer smaller (fig. 13), two without any trace of a hook, and the next with a short one without denticles.
The grayish cesophagus 6 mm. long. The yellowish first stomach somewhat curved, 17 mm. long by a diameter of 10. The mastica- tory stomach 6 mm. long by a diameter of 10°5 ; it showed arranged in usual way 10 larger plates and in front 8 smaller; the plates of usual form, pyramidal, of reddish brown colour, of a height up to 4mm. The posterior stomach 8 mm. long by diameter of 7; in its cardiac part fine folds, on the pyloric margin a series of yellow conical and pyramidal plates, 1-1‘5 mm. high, always with broken or worn point (fig. 14).—The gray contents of the stomachs formed of different alga, undeterminable detritus and very small sand- particles. The intestine as usual.
The dirty dark-gray liver nearly globular, 2-4 cm. long by a breadth of 2:2 and a height of 2 cm.
The yellowish white hermaphrodite gland about 14 mm. broad by height of 12 and a thickness of 4; its duct running with its short windings along the whole of the under-side of the anterior gemtal mass. This last, the albumino-mucous gland, 8 mm. long by a height of 5 and a breadth of 4, yellowish white with the usual spiral white band. The sperm-oviduct-a little curved, 8 mm. long by diameter of 2, quite as usual; the short pyriform spermatotheca 3 mm. Jong, the spermatocysta half as large. The yellowish preputiun (fig. 15a) 8 mm. long, the retracted glans bent, 4 mm. long, more whitish, with transparent furrow, with strong retractor muscle. The inside of the preputium grayish, in front black, nowhere in the penis any trace of armature.
6. APL. POIKILIA, B. mn. sp. Pl. II., figs. 20-21; Pl. IIL, figs. 1-4.
A single specimen was found at Kalk Bay (in Simon’s Bay); it had coloured the preserving fluid brownish.
It was 7 cm. long by a breadth of 3 and a height also of 3 cm. ; the length of the tentacles and of the rhinophoria 8 mm.; the length of the foot-wings 4 cm., by a height on the inside of 1:3; the length of the mantle 3 cm. by a breadth of 2:2; the foot was 1 cm. broad.— The ground colour of the upper side was grayish white, but for the
The Opisthobranchiata of South Afreca. el
most part disappearing through large confluent or anastomosing irregular black spots; the mantle with strong spots and stripes radiating from about the centre; similar markings occurred on the upper part of the inside of the foot-lobes reaching to their margin, the rest being grayish white, as were also the side parts of the body adjoining the mantle; the foot grayish white.
The form of the usual type, the foot-lobes free as far as their hinder end; the mantle without hole; the siphonal mantle-fold rather flat, 6 mm. long by a breadth of 2:2; the gill as in the former species.
The shell 22 mm. long by a breadth of 20 and a height up to 4 mm. (fig. 1); the cuticular margin rather broad, else the shell was yellow, rather solid, with a prominent nucleal part.
The grayish bulbus pharyngeus short, pear-formed, 10 mm. long by a breadth and height of 9. The mahogany brown mandibles strong, o mm. high by a breadth of 3; their elements (with a diameter of 0-007 to 0:30 mm.) high, thin, their upper point bent (fig. 20). The palatal hooks nearly colourless, weak and thin, reaching to a height of 0:24 m., by a diameter at the base of 0°035 (fig. 21). The strong tongue contained in the yellow rasp 32 series of plates, in the sheath 22, the total number of the series being thus 54. The 6 foremost series were very incomplete and the plates mostly damaged ; the 6 hindermost in the sheath not quite developed. The number of lateral plates on each side of the median was 25. The plates were yellow, the breadth of the median (between the legs) 0°28 mm., the length of the first lateral 0:26. The median plates (fig. 2) of usual form with serrulated hook, and on either side of it two denticles. The inner lateral plates (fig. 3) were also of the common form, with serrate hook and two denticles at its base (fig. 4).
The cesophagus was developed posteriorly into a proventricle. The masticatory stomach nearly cylindrical, 9 mm. long, with the usual armature, the plates faint yellowish. The grayish-brown liver 28 mm. long by a height and breadth of 17.
The hermaphrodite gland yellowish white, 15 mm. broad by a length of 10 and a thickness of 4-5 mm. The anterior gemtal mass yellowish white, 15 mm. long by height of 7 and a thickness of 4mm.; the yellowish-white spermatotheca globular, of a diameter of 9 mm., the pear-formed spermatocysta 2°56 mm. long. The grayish penis somewhat bent, 15 mm. long; the more whitish glans conical, 4mm. long (without armature).
The colour of the animal, its mandibles, and perhaps the nature of the palatal hooks seem to indicate a definite species.
12 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Socvety.
7. Apu. Woop, B. n. sp. Pl. I1., figs. 138-19.
Together with a specimen of Doridiwm capense, one individual of this Aplysia was procured on the shore, Hast London (23.5.1902).*
The furrow of the rhinophores and tentacles was velvet-black, otherwise the animal was whitish with scattered traces of gray. Its length was 3 cm. by a breadth of 1:7 and a height of 1:6; the length of oval mantle 12 mm., the length of its oval hole 5, the length of the sipho 5, the gill 14 mm. long by a breadth of 4; the length of the foot-wings 18 mm. by a height (on the inside) of 7.
The end of the sole of the foot was developed in a strange way, perhaps pathologically. It formed, as it were, a roundish disc (fig. 13) of a diameter of 9 mm., a little elevated and lmited to the rest of the foot on the sides and in front. The wings of the foot passed one into the other behind; the strong sipho broadly gaping ; the large pallial gland with cells of uncommon size.
The rather flattened shell (fig. 14), of a length of 13 by a breadth of 8 mm., very thin, cuticular with very slight and spread traces of calcination, with a small uncalcified nucleus, somewhat pointed in front.
The central nervous system quite as in other true Aplysiez.
The mouth tube on the outside and the inside dark gray. The bulbus pharyngeus 7 mm. long by a breadth of 4 and a height of 3°5. The mandibles dirty yellow, 3 mm. high by a breadth of 2; their elements (fig. 15) reaching a height of 0:25 by a diameter of 0°013. The rasp of the tongue yellow, perhaps containing 19 and the sheath 18 rows of plates, on each side of the median plates probably about 30 lateral. The plates yellow; the breadth of the median 0°24 mm.; the length of the basal plate of the first lateral 0:20, of the second 0-023; the length of the four outermost 0:05- 0-08-0-08-0:13 mm. The median plates (fig. 16) broad, with short and broad hook, which is serrated as far as the pointed end; the three outermost lateral plates (fig. 19) small, without hook; the other plates are similar in form, have a very pointed hook with a strong denticle on each side; the innermost (fig. 17) had moreover some finer denticles on the outer margin of the hook, which were absent on the rest (figs. 18, 19).
The white salivary glands quite as usual.
The pharynx gray. The cesophagus whitish, 10 mm. long by a diameter of 4. The first stomach 4 mm. long and broad, at the pylorus
* It is named after Mr. John Wood, Kast London, who has rendered valuable service in the discovery of this and other marine animals new to science.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 13
two series of (about 10) short cones. The masticatory stomach 4 mm. long by a diameter of 5; its armature as usual, but the pyramids were nearly all gone; these were of the usual form, clear yellowish, transparent. The third stomach 5 mm. long by a breadth of 3°5 ; at its cardiac end distinct round ese one left by cones, which were absent.
The grayish brown liver irregularly globular, its greatest diameter being 10 mm. ; the gall-bladder whitish.
The white hermaphrodite gland 4 mm. broad by a height of 3 and a thickness of 2, somewhat meniscus formed; in its lobules ripe genital elements (zoosperms). The penis whitish, grayish in front. The conical white glans 1°5 mm. long.
This form seems allied to the Apl. Siboge (l.c., 1905, p. 9, taf. vi., figs. 36-42 ; taf. vii., figs. 1-6).
8. APL. MONOCHROA, B. n. sp. Pl. I., figs. 22-24; Pl. IT., figs. 2-7.
Three specimens were procured at Hermanus on January 15, 1897. Two individuals were dissected.
They were of about the same size, and otherwise resembled each other, were uniformly white, except that the inside of the rhinophores and tentacles was blackish brown.
The largest one was 4:5 cm. long by a breadth of 2 and a height of 2°5; the foot-wings reaching to the head, 2°5 ¢.m. long by a height (on the inside) of 1; the length of the oval mantle- hole 75 mm. (fig. 22), the white ee 10 mm. broad.
The form was as usual; the whole of the back quite even. The shell rather variable in form, thin, in one specimen quite cuticular, in another merely in the two posterior thirds slightly calcified, 18 mm. long by a breadth of 16, rather depressed (fig. 2). Near the hinder end of the mantle-hole, a little to the right, the mantle sends out a sort of siphonal (expiratory) fold separated from the free mantle margin protecting the gill (fig. 22). The curved whitish gall 13 mm. long by a height up to 8 and a breadth to 4:5 mm., the rhachis rather strong, on each side about 18 tufts of lamella ; the gill projecting freely by about a third. The ee rather narrow, somewhat broader in front.
The mouth tube 4 mm. long. The whitish bulbus pharyngeus 65-7 mm. long by a breadth and a height of 6; the yellowish mandible-plates not broad, their thin elements of a height up to 0:12 mm. by a diameter of 0-007 (fig. 23). The palate in the middle with the usual network with glands; the palatal plates weak, with
14 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
thin, colourless hooks (fig. 24) up to the height of 0:08 mm. by diameter of 0:007-0-016.
The rasp of the strong tongue yellow, with 18-19 series of plates, in the sheath 17-18, the total number of series thus being 35-37. In the series 17-18 lateral plates on each side of the median. The plates yellow, the median 0°28 mm. broad; the length of the four outermost 0:6-0°14—-0:16-0°20. The median plates (fig. 4) of the usual form, with finely denticulated hook and 2-3 denticles at its base. The lateral plates of the usual form (figs. 5-7), the three outermost without any trace of hook, the next with a rudiment, the following of the usual form, but the hook without denticles, which begin on the sixth to eighth (figs. 6-7).
The cesophagus in its posterior half developed into a proventriculus. The masticatory stomach nearly cylindrical, stiff, 3 mm. long by diameter of 4; in both individuals eight larger pyramids, bright yellowish up to 2 mm. high, and four smaller, more irregular, mostly bluntly conical.
The lever yellowish white, on section yellow, 2 cm. long by a height of 1:5 and a breadth of 1:3-1'5; a small whitish gall- bladder was very distinct.
A branchio-renal pore was very distinct deep under the root of the gill. The sub-branchial gland well developed. |
The hermaphrodite gland white. The proper albumino-mucous mass 9-10 mm. long by a height of 7-9 and a thickness of 4; the sperm-oviduct 10 mm. long; the globular spermatotheca of a diameter of 5mm. The penis long, whitish, at its hinder end a small, apparently glandular, appendix (fig. 3a). (No armature, neither of the small whitish glans nor of the preeputium.)
The form here examined seems to represent a new species.
II. DonaBELiLa, Lam.
Lamarck, Syst. des Anim. s. Vert., 1801, p. 62.
Cuvier, Mém. sur la Dolabella &., Ann. du Mus. v., 1804, p. 435.
Rang, Hist. Nat. des Aplysiens, 1828, pp. 45-49, pl. i.-iii., xxiv.,
fig. 1. Bergh, Die Opisthobranchiaten der Siboga Expedition, 1905, pp. 13-20.
Corpus postice latius oblique truncatum; parapodiis brevioribus, apertura branchiali breviori angustiori. Testa pro majore parte nuda, fortior, nonnihil securiformis, margine sinistro crassiori, postice angustior, dextrorsum emarginata et parte nucleali deorsum incurvata carina postica prominenti instructa.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 15
Systema nervosum ut in Aplysiis propriis. Radula (limgue) dentibus medianis elongatis, dentibus lateralibus numerosis non denticulatis —Glandula hermaphrodisiaca hepati non connata.
This animal, with its peculiar form, was first noticed by Rumph (D’Amboin. Rariteitkammer, 2 ed., 1741, N. x., N. 5), who figured the animal as well as its shell, but without any description. On the figure of the shell, given by Rumph, Lamarck established the genus Dolabella, which was adopted by Cuvier and afterwards by malacologists.
The form of the animal is quite peculiar, differing from that of all other Aplysiide ; it is posteriorly broader, and terminates in a roundish oblique large disk, to the middle of which the rather narrow, longish branchial slit is continued. The somewhat dolabri- form shell well calcified, with thickened left margin; the hinder part narrower, its right margin is notched; the hind end thicker, bent downwards and to the right, with a sharp, prominent keel.
The central nervous system as in the Aplysize proper.
The rasp (of the tongue) has longish median plate and long series _of undenticulated lateral plates.
The hermaphrodite gland not coalescent with the liver.
The genus seems confined to the Red Sea, the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
As the form called by Cuvier Dolabella Rumphit cannot now be determined, this name must be reserved for the form figured by Rang. This author has, moreover, drawn up a small series of species (D. Hasseltwu, Terenudt, ecaudata* (truncata), and still others have been named by Ehrenberg, Qouy and Gaimard, Sowerby, Stearns (D. Hemprichiu, tongana, elongata, califormca t+); some of them are merely established on the shell, which is rather variable in form, and some are very likely merely varieties of a very widely distributed species.
Dou. Rumpuit, (Cuv.) Rang, var.
(D. Rumphu, Cuv., l.c., p. 437, pl. xxix., fig. 1.)
D. Rumphu, Rang, l.c., p. 46, pl. 1.
Aplysia tongana, Q. et G., Voy. de |’ Astrolabe, 11., 1832, p. 305, pl. 23, figs. 6-7.
* V.d. Decken, ‘‘ Reisen in Ostafrica,’’ iii., 1869; v. Martens, ‘‘ Mollusken,”’
p. 65: Dolabella ecauda, Rang (Zanzibar). + Tryon and Pilsbry, ‘‘ Man. of Conchology,”’ xvi., 1895-96, pp. 151-160.
16 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Socvety.
Dolabella Hasseltit, Fér. Eliot, Notes on Tectibr. and Naked Moll. from Samoa. Proc. Ac. Philadelphia, 1899, p. 515, pl. xix., Me e.
(Dolabella callosa, Lam. Syst. des Anim., s. v. 1801, p. 62.)
Dolabella Rumphi, Cuv., Rang. Bgh., l.c., 1905, pp. 13-20; taf. vii., figs. 22-40; taf. vi., figs. 1-7 (9).
Pl. XIV., figs. 10-20.
One specimen was procured at Hast London and preserved in formalin, |
The length of the individual was 12 cm. by a breadth of 9 and a height up to 6:3; the length of the posterior disk was 7:5 cm. by a breadth of 8°5 (the breadth of its brim 1:2); the length of the branchial slit 7 cm. by a breadth at both ends of 1; the height of the sipho 9 mm., that of the parapodia 13, of the (contracted) rhinophoria 6 mm.; the length of the curved gill in a straight line 3°5 cm. by a breadth of 2°3 and a thickness of 1:8cm. The animal was one-coloured, yellowish white, the gill less bright.
The shell of typical form (figs. 12, 13), 4°3 cm. long by a breadth of 3:3; the crest on the hinder end not strong; the calcareous layer on the under side of the strong yellowish cuticula broken in pieces in front, the upper as well as the under side of the shell chalk-white. ~
The form of the animal was typical, the branchial fissure reaching to about the middle of the hinder disk. The back with rather numerous (fig. 11) small pointed cones of a height of 2-4 mm., as also the hinder disk, as well as its somewhat laciniated brim (fig. 10). The seminal furrow in its first part running in the depth between the parapodia for a length of 2 cm., then continued forwards to the male genital opening under the right tentacle. The mouth, the sipho, the anus, and the pallial gland as usual. Nearly the posterior half of the gill projects freely ; on either side it showed about ten strong compound chief lamelle; at the base of the frenulum of the gill the reno-branchial aperture. The common genital opening as usual.
The central nervous system agrees with that of the true Aplysia, and is quite different from that of the Notarchide, with which group the Dolabelle otherwise show affinities; the visceral ganglia thus situated far backwards (on the side of the spermatotheca). The nearly coalescent cerebral ganglia measure in breadth nearly 4 mm.; the cerebro-pleuro-pedal connectives about 13 mm. long; the pleuro- pedal ganglionic mass 8 mm. broad; the pleural ganglia scarcely half as large as the pedal.*
* Cf. Amaudrut, Bull. Soc. Philom., x., 1886, pp. 68-74.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. oe
The very retracted and contracted mouth tube about 7 mm. long.
The plump bulbus pharyngeus 15 mm. long and high by a breadth of 12, of usual form, with the end of the rasp-sheath somewhat prominent on the lower side posteriorly ; the strong inferior retractor muscles of the bulbus issuing from the region of the margin of the hinder disk of the body. The strong, somewhat brittle mandzble
plates of a length of 7 mm. by a breadth of 3°8 and a thickness of
0-4 mm.; they were yellowish brown on the free side, on the breach yellowish white; their closely set angularly cylindrical elements of a diameter of 0-016 mm. (fig. 19). On each side of the palate a thin, dirty yellowish plate, 3 mm. broad, densely set with (fig. 18) horny, compressed hooks, of form as in other Aplysiude, of a length up to 0-8 mm. by a breadth to 0°10. This spinous covering continued a little behind the roof of the pharynx. The large tongue with deep cleft; the rasp brownish yellow, containing 42 se ies of plates (counted: at the margin of the rasp), in the sheath 44, of which the 5 hindermost are not fully developed; the total number of series about 86; the 6 foremost on the tongue very incomplete and partly damaged. The number of plates in the series seemed to be about 200. The plates were yellow; the length of the median was about 0°20 by a breadth up to 0:07 mm.; the height of the two outermost lateral plates was about 0:14-0:16 mm.; through the series the height of these plates rose to 037 mm. The median plates in form very different from those of the proper Aplysie, longish, narrower in front, with a small denticulated hook at
the anterior end (figs. 14, 15); the lateral plates of ordinary hook
form (figs. 16-17). The yellowish white salivary glands long, reaching to the cardia, nearly cylindrical, of a diameter of 2 mm., thinner behind; the
efferent duct quite short.
The length of the gray csophagus with its dilatation (proven-.
triculus) 4 cm. by a diameter of 7-12 mm., its interior with fine longitudinal folds and plump villi. The (masticatory) stomach brownish gray, somewhat roundish, of a (transverse) diameter of 2°5 cm. by a length and height of 1:7; the usual nerves run along this stomach, anastomosing at the pylorus and forming a circle around
this, and then continued on the second stomach. The anterior part
of this stomach had 8 somewhat depressed angular-roundish facets
belonging to the stomach plates, and behind them 2-8 series of
smaller and less regularly set facets. The 8 large very hard
stomach plates were irregularly pyramidal; the broad basis convex,
very smooth; the height and the breadth nearly the same, 7-9 mm. ;
the base and the top brown; otherwise the base was chalk-white. 2
18 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
Behind these plates 10 somewhat smaller followed, mostly rather compressed, more irregular, yellow, of a height of 4-6 mm, Behind this stomach, in the mouth of the second, more thin-walled gray stomach, were seen about 5 series of rounded small papille, each with a pointed, straight, yellow prickle of the height of 2-2°5 mm. (fig. 20); papilla of the same kind, mostly without horn, were scantily distributed over the stomach. The abundant content of the stomachs was fine paunce mixed up with vegetable substance (different alge), parts of small worms, and some foraminifera and small Rissoa-like shells. The dirty gray intestene makes a large superficial curve in a furrow of the liver and ascends to the anus; its diameter 7-9 mm., its wall thin, its abundant contents the same as in the stomachs. .
The large liver dirty and dark greenish gray, 5 cm. long by a breadth of 4 and a height of 3°8, superficially 3-lobed by the windings of the intestine ; its mass compact, with a small cavity. In front, immediately behind the second stomach, opens the bent, horn-shaped gall-bladder, contrasting by its milk-white colour with the liver, of a diameter of 4 mm., with about its half freely projecting on the under side of the liver.
The bright yellowish white kidney 3°3 cm. long by a breadth of 2°3 cm. and a thickness of 5-6 mm.
The yellow-white hermaphrodite gland at the hinder end of the liver convex-plain, 4°5 cm. long by a breadth of 2°5, and a thickness of 2; in its lobules ripe genital elements. The thick hermaphrodite duct in corkscrew windings running to the anterior genital mass; its diameter mostly 3°5 mm., anteriorly much thinner. The anterior gemtal mass large, 3°5 cm. long by a height of 3 and a thickness of 1:5; chiefly formed by the large muco-albuminous gland. On the right side of this appeared a black central region of oval form, 11 mm. long, encircled by alternately more whitish and more yellowish arcuate windings; the left side more simple with a large winding. The curved sperm-oviduct extended 5 cm. long by diameter of 8-4 mm.; on the cuts two tubes, separated by an incomplete septum, appear. The spermatotheca, situated immedi- ately before the pericardium, globular, of a diameter of 15 mm. The dark grayish pens (preputium) folded up extended 5 cm. long by diameter of 7-4 mm.; to its posterior end, which is yellowish, the strong retractor is attached, to its anterior end the digitations of the protractor. The inside with fine longitudinal folds and a thicker one, all with a number of black points. From the bottom of the cavity projects the flattened, blackish only at the point, else yellowish, somewhat strained glans, extended 15 mm. long by a
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 19
breadth of 5; one margin is thick, compact, otherwise it is flat, leaflike.
The colour of this specimen was different from those I also have seen *; the form of the shell, too, somewhat particular, and the stomach-plates different, Still, it is very likely but a variety of the somewhat variable Dol. Rumphiw (Cuv., Rang).
NOTARCHIDA.
R. Bergh, Die Opisthobranchiata der Siboga Expedition, 1905, pp. 20-27.
This group contains the genera Notarchus (Cuv.), Aclesia (Rang), Aplysiella (P. Fischer), and Phyllaplysia (P. Fischer).
AcursiA, Rang.
Rang, Hist. Nat. des Aplysiens, 1828, p. 68, pl. xx.—xxui.
R. Bergh, Malacolog. Untersuch. V. 1900, pp. 352-361.— The Danish Expedition to Siam, 1902, pp. 168-174.—Die Opistho- branchiata der Siboga Expedition, 1905, pp. 20-23.
Notzum sicut rhinophoria et tentacula papillis majoribus simpli- cibus et compositis instructum ; fissura branchialis brevis. Scutum palliale sicut testa desunt; branchia, ren et pericardium in cavitate branchiali libera (scuto non tecta). Podarium non angustum.
Ganglia visceralia antice, inter pleuralia sita. Penis conulis hamigeris armatus.
The genus was established by Rang, and the plates xx.—xxii. have the name of Aclesia; in the text he has (p. 68) retracted the name, referrmg the species named in the plates to the genus Notarchus of Cuvier, to which, however, they do not belong. The genus has mostly been adopted by malacologists and con- chologists + for forms like those originally given by Rang, but a real knowledge of the genus dates from the later years (1900, 1902, 1905).
The Aclesiz belong to the warmer seas, and especially to
* R. Bergh, ‘“‘ Die Opisthobranchiata der SibogaHxpedition,” 1905, pp. 13-20, taf. vii., figs. 22-40; taf. viii., figs. 1-9; taf. lx., figs. 1-3. | The genus Thallepus of Swainson (“ A Treatise of Malacology,” 1840, pp. 250,359) is often mentioned as being synonymous with Aclesia. The characters given by Swainson are partly incorrect and quite insufficient ; the characteristic tufts on the back of the Aclesie are not at all mentioned.
20 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
those of the tropics. Somewhat better known are the following
species : 1. Acl. Plew, Rang.
M. atlant. occid. . striata (Q. et. G.). M. africano-indie. currhifera (Q. et G.). | M. africano-indie. 14. Acl. umpexa, B. | M. phillopin. L
26° AC
—N
3. Act.
5. Acl. ocelligera, B. M. Stamense. varicolor, B. M. wndicum. pusilla, B. M. wndicum.
6. Acl.
7. Acl.
ACL. CIRRHIFERA, Q. et G.
Aplysia currhifera, Q. et G. Voy. de |’ Astrolabe, ii., 1832, p. 311, pl. 24, fig. 8. Aclesia corrhifera, Q. et G. Ed. v. Martens, Beitr. Meeresfauna
d. Insel Mauritius u. d.
Seychellen., 1880, p. 308.
Aclesia currhifera, (Q. et G.) Bgh., Lc., 1900, pp. 351-360,
taf. xxix., figs. 28-31. Pl. III., figs. 16-24 ; Pl. IV., figs. 1-7.
Two individuals were procured from the lagoon at Port Alfred, five specimens caught at low-tide at Knysna along shore from jetty towards village, one was procured at the mouth of Nahoon on June 12, 1900, one more at Hast London in August, 1902.
They were all of a very similar exterior; but the colour of the smaller was dark greenish gray, that of the larger blackish gray, with small black dots ; the foot always yellowish gray. The largest individuals were 8 cm. long, by a height and a breadth of 4; the height of the fea ep roles and tentacles about 7 mm.; the length of the gill-slit 1-2 cm.; the breadth of the foot 3 cm.; the length of the tail 1:5-2 cm. The other individuals 5-7 cm. tone.
The four specimens anatomically examined had a length of 4°6-7 cm. by a breadth of 2°6-4 anda height of 2°5-3; the height of the nae and the tentacles 4-5 mm., of the papille of the back —5 ; the length of the gill-slit 6-10 mm.; the breadth of
the foot 1: 5 2: 7 cm., the length of the tail 1-1:3 em.—The animals were very soft in onnatenee
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 21
The form of the animal as in other Aclesia, a little pointed behind, the back rather vaulted. The backside everywhere very uneven, covered with simple and compound papille, for very large part confluent to numerous undulating crests and tufts covered with smaller papilla; on the sides of the back proper the crests some- times coalesced in a kind of ridge and behind on each side over the tail in a larger prominent knot. The rhinophores and the tentacles also covered with papilla. The border of the foot-wings convex, their inside even. The seminal furrow distinct. The foot a little broader in front, with a small median notch.
On the floor of the gill-cavity no mantle plate, and the organs were uncovered (PI. III., fig. 16). On the left side the long white kidney with a pore on its hinder end (fig. 16). To the right of the kidney the strong curved gill, of dirty yellowish colour, with grayish or blackish rhachides (fig. 16). Stretched out, it had a length of about 2 cm. by a breadth and height of 4-5 mm., about its half not attached ; it contained about 15-18 groups of lamelle (fig. 1). _Behind the first part of the gill the thick upwards turned anal papilla with black striz and several (about eight) rather prominent knots around the opening (fig. 16c). Before the gill to the left the somewhat black dotted pericardium and to its left, under the brown part, the blood-gland ; the vulva as usual.
The central nervous system as usual in the Notarchide.
The mouth tube 3-4 mm. long. The bulbus pharyngeus short- pyriform with the thick radula-sheath projecting a little on the lower side behind; 7-5-9 mm. long by a breadth of 5-6°5 and a height of 4:5-6, whitish. The mandibles longish, broader upwards, 25-3 mm. long by a breadth up to 0:°75-1, dark red-brown (fig. 17); their elements nearly cylindrical, reaching to a height of 0:2 by diameter of 0:020 mm. (fig. 18). The walls of the cavity of the mouth dark red-yellow, darker on the palate, whose side parts showed the usual covering of closely set compressed hooks of a height up to 0-1 mm. (fig. 19); this covering is continued to some extent up into the pharynx. The rasp of the short and broad tongue (fig. 20) dark brown or brownish yellow, of a length and a breadth of 3-4 mm., containing 20-28 series of teeth, in the sheath 15-18, _ the total number of series thus being 35-46. The number of lateral plates on each side of the median about 36-40. The plates reddish brown at the basal parts, elsewhere yellow, the breadth between the legs of the median plates nearly 0:20; the lateral reached a height of 0:30 mm.; that of the four outermost was mostly about 0-12- 0:16—-0:20-0:24. The median plates of the usual form (fig. 21), with 3-4 denticles on each side of the pointed hook; the first lateral
22 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Socrety.
plate (fig. 21) with bilobate hook and some small denticles on the margin of the outer lobe; on the following plates (figs. 3, 4) the outer lobe had become a coarse denticle ; on the following one, two, or mostly three, rather blunt denticles on the hook (figs. 5, 6); sometimes the denticles failed on some plates, or four were seen (fig. 6); on the 3-5 outermost plates denticles were not seen (Gare 7)
The long white salivary glands, 12-14 mm. in length by a breadth of 0°5 mm., as usual, and reaching backwards to the masticatory stomach. |
The cesophagus 8-10 mm. long, its hinder part sometimes dilated into a first stomach of a length of 4 by a breadth of 6 mm. The masticatory stomach 5-9 mm. long by a diameter of 9-10 ; it showed, arranged in the usual way, 8-10 larger pyramids, in the cardiac part moreover 6-4 smaller and more irregular, 8-7 more conical; or 10 larger and 8 smaller, in all 22-21-18 stomachal teeth. The larger were up to 4 mm. high and their base also to 4 mm. broad; they were brownish yellow, cartilaginous, translucent, and showed the common finely iridescent axial or subaxial column. The third stomach 8-12 long. The intestine as usual.—The liver dirty brownish yellow, 2°3-3 cm. long by a breadth of 1:5-1:6, reaches a height of 1:4-1°5; it was short-sausage shaped, by the windings. of the intestine superficially divided in several longer or shorter lobes united with each other. Anteriorly beside the intestine a little biliary cavity was found, with several openings in the pyloric part of the third stomach; no proper biliary bladder was seen.
The pericardium was large. The ventricle of the heart 5 mm. long, the crista of the truncus aorte pellucid, 2 mm. long.
The whitish small hermaphrodite gland 6-7 mm. broad by a length of 5-3 and a thickness of 2; in its lobes ripe genital elements; its duct in coils wound between the lobes of the liver to the inside of the anterior genital mass (fig. 2a). This latter whitish and yellowish white, in length measuring 10-15 mm. to the vulva by a height of 5-6 and a thickness of 2-3 mm. The proper (fig. 2b) muco-albuminous gland convex-plain, on its upper margin the pellucid pear-formed spermatocysta of a length of 3 mm. (fig. 2c), opening with its duct in the root of the sperm-oviduct. The gland is continued in a nearly cylindric tube, a little longer than the gland itself, the sperm-oviduct (fig. 2d), on sections it is seen divided into two parts of unequal size by a strong fold or partition-wall; in the lower part the spermatotheca seems to open. This latter (fig. 2e) lies before the heart, on the hinder end of the stomach; it was globular, yellowish, of a diameter of 4 mm.; its duct a little longer
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 23
than the bladder itself, opening near the vulva (fig. 2f).—The penis 7-10 mm. long by diameter of 1-5-2, nearly cylindrical, a little tapering anteriorly (fig. 22); its anterior half blackish, the rest yellowish ; the inside is also dotted with black and shows fine longi- tudinal folds, between which one stronger than the others and con- tinued up to and on to the small, 2 mm. long, whitish conical glans. This last and the top of the preeputium show small cones partly set in longitudinal series (fig. 23); most of the cones carry a horny thorn, a little curved and of a height up to 0:28 mm. (fig. 24).
The form here examined probably represents a variety of the typical Acl. corrhifera. 7
CHPHALASPIDHA. PHILINIDA.
PuHILInE, Ascanius. Philine, Ascanius. Vetensk. Ak. Handl., 1772, p. 329. Lobaria, O. Fr. Muller. Zool. Dan. Prodr., 1776, pp. xxix., 226. —Zool. Dan., iii., 1788, pp. 30-31, tab. C, figs. 1-5. Buliga, Lam. Systém des An., s. v. 1801, p. 63. Philine, Asc. Bergh, Malacol. Unters. v. 1900, p. 275.— Die Opisthobranchiata der Siboga Exped., 1905, pp. 28-32.
Animal sat applanatum (testa non recondendum); clypeus frontalis magnus, subquadratus, postice non lobatus, oculis externe conspicuis nullis; sub margine laterali clypei antice rhinophoria parva plicata; osphradium parvum simplex ante fissuram branchialem situm. Pallium testam omnino includens, postice paullum supra et infra prominens ; glandula spiralis nulla. Podarium breve, latum, epipodiis sat crassis lateribus interstitium inter pallium et clypeum implentibus.
Testa interna tenuis, fragilis, pellucida, alba, sat applanata; spira. minuta depressa ; apertura amplissima, postice angustior ; columella angusta callo levi.
Mandibule nulle. Radula rhachide nuda, pleure dente laterali
fortissimo uncinato et interdum dentibus externis (1-6) hamatis.—. Glandulas salivales parve sacciformes. Ventriculus masticatorius. (fere semper) laminis calcareis fortissimis subsimilibus oblongis tribus.
armatus, utrinque laterali et inferiore singula. Penis inermis, apparatu prostatico fortissimo preeditus.
These animals are of very peculiar form; their thin shell quite
24 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
inclosed in the mantle. They have no mandibles. The rhachis of the tongue is naked; the pleuree wear a very strong, particularly formed lateral plate and sometimes also (1-6) outer plates. They have a particular masticatory stomach with three very strong calcified plates. Their unarmed, peculiarly formed penis is provided with a well-developed prostatic apparatus.
1. PHILINE APERTA (L.). Bulla aperta, Li, Syst. Nat., ed. xi., 1767, p. 1183; ed. xiik (Gmelin), t. 1., pars vi., 1791, p. 3424. Philine quadripartita, Ase. l.c., 1772, p. 329, tab. x., figs. a, 0. Bulla Schroeterz, Phil. En. moll. Sic., u., 1844, p. 94, tab. xx., fies 2. | Bulla Schroetert, Ph. Krauss, Die stidafrikan. Moll., 1878, p. 70. Philine quadripartita, (Asc.) R. Bergh. Malac. Unters. v. 1900, pp. 276-285, taf. xxii., figs. 15-35; taf. xxiv., figs. 2-5; taf. xxvi., figs. 1-9. Ph V5. figs) 5-10.
More than twenty large specimens were procured by dredge off Elsie Peak (False Bay) from a depth of 10 fms. on sand and shell bottom ; several also near Roman Rock (False Bay) by shrimp-trawl on fine sand from a depth of 13-18 fms., and in False Bay, and off Cape Natal and Umvote River.
The first-mentioned had a length of 55-6 cm. by a breadth of 3'5-3'3 and 4, and a height of 1-1°5 and 2 cm.; the length of the piece behind the foot was 1:8-2 cm. The animals were coloured white.
The shell was 2°8 cm. long by a breadth of 2°5, and a height of 1°5 cm.; white, rather solid.
The form of the animal quite as usual. The tentacular (frontal) shield and the mantle shield nearly of the same length. The flat rounded-hexagonal tentacular shield with its slightly prominent margin mostly covering the neck, and sometimes also the anterior margin of the mantle shield. The anterior margin a little notched in the middle, and on each side of it a fine pore; next to the furrow | between the shield and the foot the yellowish, slightly prominent rhinophore about 1 cm. long, with about fifteen low folds. The mantle shield somewhat convex, rather posteriorly and somewhat to the left sometimes (in the two larger individuals and three smaller), a fine opening leading to the shell. The hinder margin of the mantle prominent beyond the shell, notched medianly, and passing in the rather flat and broad covering of the left part of the shell and
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 25
of its free margin. This under part of the mantle is separated from the foot by a rather deep furrow, and towards the right side cleft by the open longitudinal branchial fissure ; behind the hinder end of the fissure a fine glandular opening. The branchial cavity, in accordance with the form of the shell, rather low; the curved, brownish gill about 10-12 mm. long by a height of 4-6 and a breadth of 3-5. Over the gill the small, sometimes black punc- tuated, osphradium ; above the root of the gill the prominent anus. Below the fore end of the gill the vulva, whose opening is continued in the seminal groove that runs along the low side of the body to the male aperture near the mouth. The broad foot a little narrower before, with a little median notch or slit, on each side of which there is a fine opening; the sides of the foot through them whole length developed into a strong wing, on the sides filling the space between the two shields, thicker below, rising to a thin convex margin ; the posterior margin free, covering the groove before the under side of the mantle, oblique from the right side to the left and forwards, straight or convex in the middle, with posteriorly prominent edges belonging to the wings of the foot.
The length of the whitish mouth tube 6-7 mm., its inside yellowish. The whitish bulbus pharyngeus of the usual form, 5-6 mm. long. The strong tongue, with deep cleft, with yellowish or brownish yellow rasp, containing 15-20 series of plates, in the sheath 12-16, of which the two hindermost are not fully developed ; the total number of series being thus 27-36. The rhachis not narrow. The plates nearly colourless in their upper half; their length (in straight line) 1 mm.; their form was quite as formerly described (l.c., p. 279); still, the denticulation was finer than in the specimens from the Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, and did not seem to extend so far out on the hook as in these specimens (figs. 6-8).
The salivary glands small but somewhat longer than usual, 4-6 mm. long, whitish, applanated (fig. 5).
The cesophagus short, 3 mm. long. The first stomach 6 mm. long by a diameter of 6-7, its hinder end sunk in the cardia of the second stomach. This masticatory stomach sometimes turned a little to the right, usually lying on the under plate, 2 cm. long by a breadth of 13 and a height of 1:2. The two lateral masticatory plates 20 mm. long by a breadth of 75-8 and a thickness of 2-3; the inferior of a length of 16 by a breadth of 9 and a thickness of 3 mm.; their outside yellowish or chalk-white; the inside showed the large flat central part white; this part was inclosed by a broad belt of fine yellow lines, the marginal part white; the two small holes on the
26 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Socvety.
outside and inside less pronounced than in the specimens from other localities, and even on the inside scarcely visible ; still, one or two of the three plates showed in two individuals three holes. The third stomach 10-11 mm. long by a diameter of 4-5, with very thin walls with fine folds. The zntestene as usual, about 10 cm. long by a diameter of 2-4 mm.—The contents of the stomachs (sometimes, too, of the bulbus pharyngeus) chiefly very fine sand-particles, thin pieces of alge, fragments of small bivalves, some Polythalmia.
The lever dirty brown, 2—2'5 cm. long by a breadth of 1:2-1-4 and a height of 1 cm.
The white kzdney 13 mm. long by a breadth of 3-4.
The yellow hermaphrodite gland covering the hinder end and- a small part of the upper side of the liver with a layer about 4 mm. thick ; the ampulla of its duct forming a coil of white windings. The anterior genital mass seemed to be essentially quite as before (l.c., p. 283) described, 12-14 mm. long. The grayish brown spermatotheca globular, of a diameter of 6 mm.; the strong yellowish duct 8 mm. long; the spermatocyst whitish, sack-formed, 2mm.long. The seminal furrow terminating in the male aperture near the right side of the mouth. Into it also opens the pens, which is pear-formed, 4°5-5 mm. long; on the base of the organ is fixed a strong retractor, and into its cavity opens the large prostata, a small globular gland, and a small cylindrical sack of the length of 2mm. (fig. 9c). The large coil of the prostata, 8-11 mm. long by a breadth of 8-9, lying under and behind the bulbus pharyngeus ; when disentangled the length of the organ was about 20-25 cm.; the tube was yellowish, its last windings white. The small, mostly globular, glandular sack (fig. 9e) yellowish, 2-2°5 mm. long, its duct mostly 2-3 times as long; the sack was always intimately fixed to one of the windings of the prostata (fig. 9a). From the base of (fig. 9d) the penis sack (preputium) projects the glans, nearly as long as the sack, mostly very pronounced hammer-shaped (fig. 9e), along the stalk a distinctly visible furrow, issuing from the opening of the (fig. 10a) prostata and continued especially along one of the legs of the hammer; in one of the individuals the end of the hammer projected from the genital opening (fig. 9).
In spite of some differences, this form seems to belong to the typical Ph. aperta, According to Hanley * the original specimen of Linnzeus was from the Cape, and there seems to be every reason for returning to the old specific name.
* Hanley, ipsa Linner conchylia, 1855, pp. 203-204.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Afroca. 27
9. PHILINE CAPENSIS, Bgh. n. sp. Pl. V., figs. 11-15.
Off Cape Point Lighthouse, SW. by W. 4% miles, one specimen was taken by shrimp-trawl from a depth of 29 fms. on bottom of fine sand.
It was of whitish-yellow colour. Its length was 11 by a breadth of 7 and a height of 6 mm.; the frontal shield very inclined forwards, 6 mm. long; the mantle shield 9 mm. long by a breadth of 5; the wings of the foot 2°5 high.
The thin mantle quite enveloping the shell except (by muti- lation of?) the middle. The shell as long and large as the mantle, chalk-white, not thin, but rather fragile, of usual (fig. 11) form.
The bulbus pharyngeus 1 mm. long, with prominent rasp-sbeath,. the lip disk with strong cuticula. In the yellow rasp of the tongue 8 series of rows, in the sheath 14, the total number of rows being therefore 22; the radula formula was 2-1-0-1-2. The nearly colourless lateral plates (fig. 12) of about the usual form, (in direct line) measuring in length 0°30; the first external plate rather thin, about 0:20 mm. long (fig. 13); the other, the outermost, shorter and a little thicker, 0:14 mm. high (fig. 14).
The whitish salivary glands long, strong, very nodular.
The masticatory stomach 3°5 mm. long by a diameter of 3; of its plates, the median a little smaller than the others, which measured 2°56 mm. in length by a breadth of 1 (fig. 15); they were greenish yellow, rather thin and flexible ; no holes could be detected either on the outer or on the inner side.
The large liver, sausage-formed, 7 mm. long, 4 broad, gray on the outside, its substance brown-gray.
The penis and the very large bundle of coils of the prostata seemed to agree with the arrangement in the typical species.
This form. belongs to the group of Philine, which has outer as well as lateral plates—one (Ph. scabra, M.; Ph. catena, Mtg. ; Ph. Lovém, Malm; Ph. sinuata, Stimps), or two (Ph. quadrata, Wood; Ph. lima, Brown; Ph. velutinoides, Sars), or several (6), (Ph. pruinosa, Clark).*
* Cf. Sars, Moll. reg. arcticee Norvegie, 1878, pp. 293-808, tab. 18, xii.
28 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
DORIDIIDA.
R. Bergh, Die Gruppe der Doridiiden. Mittheil. aus der zool. Station zu Neapel, xi, 1893, pp. 107-135, taf. 8.—Die Opisthobranchien. Report on—Albatross, xiii., 1894, pp. 205— 222, taf. x.-xu.—Malacol. Unters. v. 1901, pp. 177-181, 303-307, taf. xxv. .
Eliot, On Doridiidee. Proc. Malacolog. Soe., v., 1903, pp. 331-337, pl. xiii.
R. Bergh, Die Opisthobranchiata der Siboga Expedition, 1905, pp. 42-46, ;
This group of rather pregnant exterior contains two not very different genera.
I. Dorrprum, Meckel. R. Bergh, /.c., 1898, p. 109.—1894, p. 209.
1. Dorid. tricoloratwm (Renier). M. Medtterr. 2. D. depictum (Renier). M. mediterr. ? 3. D. punctilucens, B. M. Aniillense. 4. D. purpureum, B. M. pacific. . cylindricum (Cheeseman). M. pacrfic. . ocelligerum, B. M. pacific. . diomedeum, B. M. pacific, . ineolatum, (H. & A. Adams) B.*: M. pacific. 9. D. cyanewm, v. Martens. M. africano-indic. 10. D. pilsbryi, Eliot. M. pacific. 11. D. capense, B. M. pacific.
* R. Bergh, Gaster. opisthobranchiata, 1902. The Dan. Exped. to Siam, pp. 17-18, pl. ii., fig. 12.
a Sh FS) ers)
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 29°
12. D. obscurum, B. M. pacific.
13. D. albo-ventrale, B. M. pacific.
14, D. Gardinert, Eliot. M. pacific.
15. D. reticulatwm, Eliot. M. africano-indie.
II. Cueviponura, A. Adams.
Chelidonura, Ad. R. Bergh, Die Opisthobranchier (Schauinsland, Ergebn. einer Reise). Zool. Jahrb., xiii., 1900, pp. 212-220, —R. Bergh, J.c., 1905, pp. 42-46.
2 Navarchus, Cooper. R. Bergh, l.c. (Albatross), 1894, pp. 213-222. 1. Chelid. hirundinina (Q. & G.), var. elegans, B.
Re - (Q. & G.), var. punctata, Eliot. M. pacific et africano-ndie. 2. Ch. mermis (Cooper). M. pacific. (Calif.). 3. Ch. emgmatica (B.). — M. pacific. (Panama). 4. Ch. plebera, B. MM. pacific. 5. Ch. varians, Eliot. M. africano-ndic. 6. Ch. velutina, B. (Siboga-Exped., 1905). M. indie. 7. Ch. philinopsis, Eliot. M. africano-indic. 8. Ch. amena, B. (1905). M. wndie.
DoRIDIUM CAPENSE, B, n. sp.
One individual was captured on the shore at East London (23.5.02). Preserved in formalin it still had the largest part of a 2°5 cm. long Annelide hanging out of the retracted mouth.
It measured to the end of the hinder wings 5 cm. in length by a breadth (with raised foot-lobes) of 18 and a height of 1:9; the length of the anterior shield was 2:2 cm., its hinder end projected freely 6 mm.; the wings of the hinder shield 10 mm. long; the proper foot 13 mm. broad, its wings 8 mm. high, the tail 8 mm. long. The animal was nearly uniformly coloured grayish white (but had
30 = ©Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
certainly been darker when alive); the under side of the free part of the anterior shield, the neck under it and the sides of the body blackish, the margins of the foot-lobes on the hinder wings blackish on their inside (fainter on their outside); the large gill white; the foot grayish, black at its anterior end.
The form as usual; the fore shield rather long; the wing-like lobes of the hinder shield projecting downwards with the point turned somewhat inwards; the right wing seemed somewhat larger than the left; no flagellum. The whole of the upper side of the animal quite smooth. The large gill projects nearly quite free from the gill cavity; it is 8 mm. broad by a height of 6 mm., composed of 10 large tufts of lamella, its end a little rolled up.
The shell quite membranous with a faint touch of yellowish, only the indistinct rolled up small nuclear part a little calcified; the large winding did not seem to project towards the root of the right wing ; the length of the shell 13 by a breadth of 7 mm.
The mouth tube 6 mm. long, black on the outside as well as on the inside. The bulbus pharyngeus 14 mm. long by a height of 9 and a breadth of 8 mm., yellowish white on the outside and the inside, of the usual rounded prismatic form and of the usual structure; the walls of the arrow-formed cavity of a thickness of 2°5-3 mm.
The liver yellowish gray.
The penis yellowish, black in front.
This form is perhaps specifically different from the other hitherto described.
NOTASPIDEA. PLEUROBRANCHIDA. R. jBergh, Malacolog. Unters, v. 1897-98, pp. 1-158, 371-380, taf. 1.—xil. PLEUROBRANCHAA, Leue. R. Bergh, System, l.c., p. 4 ( -51).—l.c., IL., 1905, pp. 47-49.
1. PLEUROBRANCHHA CAPENSIS, Vayss.
Vayssiére, Monogr. de la Fam. des Pleurobranchidés, 2 partie. Ann. des sc. nat., 8.8., t. xii, 1901, pp. 46-49, pl. iv. figs. 232-237.
Pl. IV., figs. 8-11. A notice of the locality, where 19 individuals of this form had
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 31
been caught, is wanting ; at Cape Point Lighthouse by shrimp-trawl on fine sand-bottom from a depth of 33 fms. 8 more were taken.
They were very similar in size and colour, and were in a very contracted condition in the formalin in which they were preserved ; 4 individuals were dissected.
The length of the largest was 2°3-3°5 cm. by a breadth of 2-2°3 and a height of 15-2; the gill 10-16 mm. long by a breadth of 4-6 ; the foot 15-16 mm. broad. The colour whitish or grayish whitish, the back with a faint olive-gray network of lines and patches partly bordering, partly covering the not very pronounced nodules. In nearly all individuals the black cesophagus was very distinctly visible through the surrounding tissues.
The back covered all over with weak nodules. The rather flattened gill with about 15-17 tufts of lamellz on each side of the rhachis. The prebranchial papilla very distinct, somewhat cleft. A tail-gland not externally visible and a finger on the end of the tail always absent.
_ The mouth tube 4mm. long, its inside blackish gray. The bulbus pharyngeus whitish, together with the prominent rasp-sheath 7-5-8-10 mm. long by a breadth of 5-6 and a height of 4—4°5 mm. The mandibular plates rather hard, grayish yellow; their elements (figs. 8, 9) as usual high, a little curved, columns of a height up to 0-29 mm. by a diameter of 0°04. The palate, which was longitudinally and transversely wrinkled, was black, as were also the cheeks. Th rasp of the tongwe brownish yellow, containing 26-30-34 rows of plates, in the sheath 18-20-25, the total number of series being thus 44-50-59. The number of plates in the rows seemed to amount to 95. The plates pale yellow in the basal part, otherwise colourless ; the height of the outermost about 0:08 mm., that of the largest 0-4. On the narrow rhachis a fine longitudinal fold, sometimes broken in pieces, but no trace of false plates. The plates (figs. 10, 11) essen- tially as in the Pl. Meckels, the outermost 4-8 without denticle.
The ampulla of the duct of the glandula salivalis white or blackish, but the continuation of the duct towards the mouth black. The gl. ptyalina well developed, its tubes often covering the back of the bulbus pharyngeus.
The cesophagus black, on the inside velvet-black, 4-5-5 mm. long, in the hinder part of a diameter of 3. The liver 12-16 mm. long by a height and a breadth of 9-10, dirty-yellowish, or grayish, on sections brownish.
The aniertor gemtal mass yellowish white, 8-10 mm. long by a height of 45-7 and a breadth of 4-7; the prostata short-reniform, its greatest diameter being 5 mm.; the vas deferens as in the species
32 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
described by Vayssiére, much shorter than in the typical species (cf. l.c., p. 49, fis. 232).
Perhaps the form here examined is really the Pl. capensis of Vayssiere. PLEUROBRANCHZA CAPENSIS, Vayssiére, var. Pl. XI., figs. 1-8.
One specimen was found off Cape Hangklip; in its mouth an annelide, 11 mm. long, was sticking. The state of preservation was not good. |
It was uniformly coloured whitish. Its length about 18 mm. by a breadth of 10 and a height of 6; the breadth of the frontal veil (with the 3 mm. long tentacles) 10 mm.; the height of the rhinophoria 2°5; the gill 5 mm. long by a breadth of 3; the penis projected 2:5, the preebranchial papilla 0°8 mm.; the breadth of the foot 10 mm., the tail 3 mm. long.
The form as usual. On the margin of the frontal veil very slight traces of papille ; the back quite even. On the somewhat prominent genital papilla were situated the rather projecting penis in front and the female opening behind; between the genital papilla and the gill the prominent przbranchial papilla. The gill with about 20 leaves on each side, its hindmost part (2 mm. long) free; at the base of this part the anal papilla; under the middle of the gill the fine renal aperture. The tail without finger-like papilla; its gland not pronounced, about 2 mm. long.
The intestines were not visible through the walls of the body.
The central nervous system as in other Pleurobranchez. The large eye of a diameter of 0:28 mm.
The mouth tube 2mm. long, wide. The bulbus pharyngeus whitish, but its inside and the palate black; the length 6 by a breadth of 4:5, and a height of 3mm.; the rasp-sheath 1:5 mm. projecting. The mandibular plates longish, 3 mm. long, clear yellow; their elements as in other Pleurobranchee, of a height up to 0°20 mm. by diameter of 0°045 ; they were mostly hexagonal, the free facet in the anterior margin finely denticulated, the number of the denticles commonly 8-10 (figs. 1-2). The broad tongue with very pale yellowish radula with about 25 series of plates, in the sheath 20, the number of series being thus 45; the number of plates on each side amounted to 50. The plates (figs. 3-6) colourless, of the usual form, the length of the largest 0°30, their height 0°20 mm.; the length of the outermost (fig. 6) 0-10 mm., the denticle of these last sometimes very short.
The proper glandula salwalis white, transversely ovate, 1:5 mm.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 33
broad, the two long efferent ducts in their last, about 2 mm. long, portion gray, as were also their pear-formed ampulla. The gl. ptyalina and its duct as in the typical species.
The esophagus violet-black. The liver grayish yellow, 9 mm. long by a breadth of 7. |
The prebranchial sack (fig. 7) rather bent, extended nearly 6 mm. in length.
The hermaphrodite gland whitish, about 5 mm. broad by a thick- ness of 2. The anterior genital mass whitish, 5 mm. long by a height and breadth of 3; the prostata of a diameter of 2°5 mm. ; the coils of the continuation of the vas deferens extended 3 cm. in length, much longer than represented by Vayssiére (/.c., p. 49; pl. 4, fig. 232cd), but absolutely different from the relations of the organ in Pl. Meckelw*; the internal sheath of the vas deferens projecting (fig. 8) 1:2 mm. (0:05 mm. broad) from the end of the penis.
The forms here examined differ from the typical one by the -absence of the caudal finger and the very different relations of the vas deferens. It may be that it is really the Pl. capensis of Vayssiére ; the individuals which have been examined by Vayssiére as well as by me, have been too insufficient to settle the question with certainty.
2, PLEUROBRANCHHA MELANOPUS, B. n. sp. PREY 3 digse 12-15:
Off Cape Point (NK. by E. 36 miles) one individual was caught by shrimp-trawl from a depth of 650 fms.; the bottom was green mud.
The length was 2:4 by a breadth of 1:5, and a height of 1:3 cm. ; the height of the rhinophores 4, of the tentacles 83 mm.; the length of the gill 5 mm. by a breadth of 2:5; the breadth of the foot 8 mm., the length of the caudal gland 3 mm. by a breadth of 1.— The animal very likely had been velvet-black all over, but on the back this colour only remained on the head and partly towards the margin; elsewhere it seemed rubbed off; the dirty yellowish colour of the gill, with traces of black on the rhachides, of the cleft prae- branchial organ, and of the outer genitals as well as of the caudal gland, contrasted with the black of their surroundings.
The anterior margin of the tentacular veil with 2-3 series of small nodules. The back quite even. The gill somewhat flattened, with
* Cf. my Monogr. of the Pleurobranchide (l.c., v. 1897, p. 25-26; taf. iii., fig. 22; taf. iv., figs. 30, 4c, 5b.
3
384 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
about 20 lamelle on each side of the smooth rhachis. No caudal finger.
The inside of the mouth tube black. The whitish bulbus pharyngeus 7 mm. long by a breadth of 6 and a height of 5; the pharynx black, as also were the walls of the mouth-cavity. The mandibles under the black coating wax-white ; their somewhat. compressed elements of the usual form (figs. 12, 13) 0-20 mm. high, their upper facet of a length of 0:06. The rasp of the tongue, dirty- brown, seemed to contain about 22 rows of plates, in the sheath 17, the total number of rows being thus 39; in the series on each side of the narrow rhachis very likely about 60 plates. The basal part. of the plates reddish brown, their height reaching to about 0-4 mm., that of the two outermost 0°14 and 0:16; their form (figs. 14, 15) the usual, the outermost mostly without the denticle.
The whitish, roundish, flattened gl. salivalis of 5 mm. diameter; the. gl. ptyalina very developed.
The brownish gray liver 13 mm. long by a height of 7. The large whitish kidney 12 mm. long by a height of 7 and a thickness of 2, with many transverse furrows.
The yellowish hermaphrodite gland lying on the hinder end of the liver and the kidney, and continued along the upper margin of the latter; in the male and female lobules ripe genital elements. The anterior genital mass somewhat compressed, 10 mm. long, and, as far as could be determined, as in the typical species.
OSCANIOPSIS, Bgh.
R. Bergh, Die Pleurobranchiden, 1, 1897, p. 53. (Malacolog. Unters. V., p. 53 (-61).)
Vayssiére, Monogr. de la Fam. des Pleurobranchidés, ii. Ann. des sc. nat. Zool., 8 8., xii, 1901, pp. 6-15.
R. Bergh, Die Opisthobranchiata der Siboga LExped., 1905, pp. 49-52.
Caput discretum nullum. Notaeum a velo (scuto) frontali (tentaculari) latissimo non discretum, applanatum, lve, testa nulla; tentacula sicut rhinophoria distantia, lateralia, canaliculata. Rhachis branchiz serie nodulorum duplici instructa. Apertura genitalis simplex. Podarium magnum, infra massa glandulari caudali mediana preeditum.
Connectiva cerebro- et pleuro-pedalia brevia sed distincta.— Mandibule ex elementis applanatis composite.
This group represents a passage from the Pleurobrancheee to the
The Opisthobranchiata of South Ajrica. 30
Oscanii. The back is, as in the former, continued directly into the large semilunar tentacular shield; the tentacles as well as the rhinophores are thus very distant; no shell in the flat and even back. Oscaniopsis has the short form of Oscanius, and the rhachis of the branchia shows as in the last a double series of nodules. They have, moreover, a simple genital aperture, and the large foot shows on the under side of the tail a peculiar gland. The céntral nervous system and the elements of the mandibular plates are as in the Oscanius. Sometimes the glans penis is covered with small cones.
On the form of the tentacular shield in the Plewrobranchus luniceps H. and A. Adams (in 1858) established the genus Neda ; this was adopted by Gray (Guide, 1, 1857, p. 203) as well as (still with some doubt) by P. Fischer (Man. de Conchyl., 1887, p. 573). The genus Oscaniopsis was formed and scientifically established much later. There is hardly any real reason for returning to the loosely sketched denomination Neda.
The genus has contained hitherto merely some few forms from the Chinese and Indian Sea (Osc. Sempert, B.; O. compta, B.; O. Ambomei, Vayss.*), which perhaps are not even specifically different, but identical with O. lwimceps (Cuv.), which has been known for a long time.
OSCANIOPSIS PLEUROBRANCHHANA, B. PI Ve ics lo 2k,
One specimen was obtained off south head of Tugela River by shrimp-trawl from a muddy bottom at a depth of 12-14 fms.
It had a length of the body of 3°5 cm. by a breadth of 1:8 and a height of 1:2; the breadth of the tentacular shield was 2:2 cm., the height of the rhinophores 6 mm. ; the breadth of the brim of the back was, on the right side and over the tail, 8 mm.; on the left side the brim was narrower; the gill 15 mm. long by a breadth and height of 5; the length of the foot 3-5 cm. by a breadth at the anterior end of 1:5, the length of the tail 1-2 cm.—The animal was colowred white; through the foot and the side the intestines appeared brownish gray.
The large semilunar tentacle shield gives the animal a very peculiar appearance. This shield is, in the middle of the margin, rather broadly notched ; it ends in tentacles in the usual way; the
* Vayssiére, ‘‘ Monogr. de la Fam. der Pleurobranchidés,”’ 1, 1898, pl. 15, fig. 27 (Pleurobranchea maculata, Q. et G.); ii., 1. l.c., 1901, pp. 15-20, i. jolly al figs. 190-204,
36 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
margin with about 20 small prominences, of which 3-4 on each si e have a knotted appearance (fig. 16). The shield as well as the whole of the back are otherwise rather flat, quite even. The distance between the base of the rhinophores 1 cm.; the brim of the back rather projecting over the tail, rounded behind. The prebranchial papilla strong, not cleft; before it the prominent vulva. The gill rather pointed behind, its half freely projecting, the number of lamellz about 40, the vesicles at their base small ; the renal and the anal pore as usual. The foot rounded in front with a fine marginal furrow, its brim rather broad (5 mm.); the tail rather long, on the outside scarcely any trace of a gland visible.
Half of the bulbus pharyngeus projected freely in front. The bulbus of a length of 14 by a breadth of 10 and a height of 9°5 mm. of the usual form. The mandibular plates whitish, thin and very brittle; their elements reaching a length of 0:06 mm. by a height of 0-025, of the usual form, the denticulation very slight (fig. 17) or want- ing. The palate of the mouth-cavity black. The tongue with yellow rasp, which seemed to contain about 40 series of plates ; the number of the series in the sheath could not be determined on account of the hardened and brittle state of the whole of the tongue and especially of the sheath. The number of plates in the series could not be determined, but exceeded 100. The lower part of the plates brownish yellow, the rest nearly colourless; their height was up to 0°63 (measured from the anterior end to the point), the length of the innermost 0°58, of the three outermost 0-10—0-16-0:25 mm. The plates were different from those of other known Oscaniopsis, nearly quite as in the Pleurobrancheza, provided with a long pointed denticle (figs. 18, 19), only the 4 outermost had no such denticle (fig. 20).
The central nervous system as usual; the cells reaching a diameter of 0:2 mm. The eyes of a diameter of 0°30 mm., with large yellow lens.
The white salivary glands (gl. salivales) roundish (fig. 21), button- like, with deep hilus, one touching the other in the midline; together they measured 4°5 mm. in diameter, the white ducts with the usual ampulla at some distance from their end. The supplementary salivary gland (gl. ptyalina) very developed, its duct whitish.
The black cesophagus 6 mm. long by a diameter of 2-4; the inside also black, with fine longitudinal folds.
The grayish stomach 7 mm. long by a diameter of 4. The intestine as usual. The contents of the stomach and of the intestine were indeterminable animal matter.
The lwver brown, 10 mm. long by a breadth of 4 and a height of 6;
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 37
on the right side partly covered by the kidney, on the upper side and on the posterior end partly by the hermaphrodite gland, in front by the gland. salivales.
The kidney whitish gray, 7 mm. long by a breadth of 6.
The hermaphrodite gland white, 9 mm. long by a breadth of 3 and a thickness of 1:4; in the predominant male follicles bundles of zoosperms, in the female less developed eggs. The white somewhat globular anterior genital mass of a maximum diameter of 2°25 mm. The hermaphrodite duct long, thin, forming many windings; on the mass in front the sperm duct makes a clew of windings ; the prostata somewhat applanated, roundish; the preputium of the penis thin ; no cones were detected on the glans.
This is certainly specifically different from the typical form, and constitutes a connecting link between Oscaniopsis and Pleuro- branchea.
OSCANIELLA, Bgh.
R. Bergh, Die Pleurobranchiden, l.c., v., 3, 1898, p. 94 (-115).—Die Opisthobranchiaten der Siboga Expedition, 1905, pp. 58-66.
The Oscanielle are intermediate between the genera Oscanius and Pleurobranchus.
They belong to the warmer regions of the seas, especially to the Indian and’ Pacific Ocean.
OSCANIELLA NIGROPUNCTATA, Bgh. n. sp. Pl. IV., figs. 22-26; Pl. XI, figs. 9-18.
One specimen was procured off Cape Infanta by tow-net. It was rather contracted and bent together.
In its present state the length is only 22 mm. by a breadth of 16 and a height of 12. Examined more closely the breadth of the brim of the back was 6-8 mm.; the length of the rhinophores 5, of the tentacles 3 mm.; the length of the gill 8 mm. by a breadth in front of 4; the breadth of the foot 14 mm., of its brim 5; the length of the tail 9 and of its gland about 4mm.—The general colour of the animal was yellowish; the back covered all over with somewhat darker scarcely prominent, sometimes nearly confluent, roundish or poly- gonal areas of a diameter up to 3°5 mm.; on the anterior and posterior ends of the back, as well as towards its sides and especially on the brim, the areas show a very pronounced black centre (fig. 9). On the under side of the brim the dark areas shone distinctly through. Black spots were scattered over the brim of the foot as well as on the tail. The intestines shone through the skin nowhere.
38 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Soctety.
Quite in front a small, perfectly transparent, colourless shell, 2°5 mm. long, and without any trace of calcification, was seen (fig. 10).
The form was as usual; the tentacles small; the back smooth with brim broad ; the gill with two very pronounced series of nodules (vesicles); in front of the gill a small prebranchial tube. The genital apertures without protecting folds. The foot well developed, the tail projecting behind the body proper.
The central nervous system quite as in other Oscanielle. The ganglion opticum distinct with a short N. opticus, the diam. of the large eyes 0°30 mm.; in the skin of the back, as is usual in the Oscaniellew, there were peculiar filaments (fig. 11) of different length and bent in the most different way, often serpentine; their diameter 0-0035-0:005.
The length of the buccal tube 3 mm.; that of the bulbus pharyngeus 4:5 mm. by a breadth of 5 and a height of 3:5; of the usual form, the rasp-sheath a little projecting behind. The yellowish mandibles quite as usual, as also their rather clumsy elements (figs. 12-14), whose length rose to 0:22 by a breadth of 0-14 and a height of 0°08 mm.; on each side of the somewhat pointed hook 2-4 short denticles. The tongwe as usual; in the yellowish rasp about 25 series of plates, in the sheath 20, the total number of rows being thus 45; in the series up to about 120 plates. The plates (figs. 15-18) were yellowish; the height of the inner- most 0:035 mm., rising to 0°12, further on up to 0:18, then decreasing, the tenth from the outer margin of the rasp measuring 0-08, the outermost 0:°035 mm, The plates of the inner half of the series hook-formed (figs. 15, 16), those of the outer erect with shorter base (figs. 17, 18); the teeth had no trace of denticles.
The stomachs as in other Oscanielle. The liver yellowish brown.
This form seems different from the other hitherto known species.
OSCANIELLA NIGROPUNCTATA, B. var. ? Pl. IV., figs. 22-26.
Off Cape St. Blaize (N. 42, E. 11 miles) a single individual was taken by shrimp-trawl.
It was very badly preserved, the colour mostly rubbed off and replaced by a dirty gray. The back all over had been covered by rather closely placed small polyangular scarcely prominent disks of a diameter of 2-3 mm., now grayish brown with a whitish centre (sometimes like a papula) ; somewhat smaller disks of the same kind
The Opisthobrancata of South Africa. 39
were scattered over the head and the upper side of the brim of the foot; the upper lip of the marginal furrow of the anterior end of the foot brownish—The length was 3 cm. by a breadth (of the back) of 2 and a height of 1-3; the frontal veil 14 mm. broad, the breadth of the mantle-brim 5; the length of the gill 16 mm. by a breadth of 5 and a height of 4; the breadth of the foot 22 mm., that of the brim 4.
The form as usual. The number of the lamellee in the gill about 25, the vesicles along the rhachis very distinct; the external genital organs nearly without prominent folds; the caudal gland, very indistinct, seemed 7 mm. long.
The nature of the shell could not be determined.
The nervous system as usual. The skin contained a quantity of cells and groups of not calcified cells.
The mouth tube 3 mm. long. The bulbus pharyngeus (with the prominent rasp-sheath) 9 mm. long by a breadth of 7 and a height of 4. The mandibles clear reddish yellow, 7 mm. long by a height of .3°5, in a length of 2-5 mm. denudated. Their elements brownish yellow, 0°26 mm. long by a breadth of 0:14 and a height of 0-1; behind the pointed hook on each side 4 denticles, of which the upper the largest (fig. 22). The rasp of the tongue of a clear yellow colour, the number of series of plates was large, and so too the number in the rows. The plates with yellowish basal part, otherwise nearly colourless ; the height of the 4 innermost (fig. 23) 0:035—-0-04—0-06- and 0-08 mm., quickly mounting to 0°20, then gradually to 0°25, then decreasing; the height of the three outermost (fig. 26) was 0:035- 0:06-0'10 mm. The inner half of the series, or thereabout, had the hook of the plates somewhat crooked (fig. 24); in the remainder it was straighter (fig. 25).
The gland. ptyalina not much developed. The liver brownish gray, contrasting in colour to the yellowish white hermaphrodite gland.
This form is distinctly different from the Oscamella granulata described by me (.c., pp. 113-115, tab. ix., figs. 17-22) as being the Plewrobranchus granulatus of Krauss, which seems to be a Berthella.
It is possible that it represents a variety of Osc. mgropunctata.
BERTHELLA, Blv.
Berthella, Blainville. Man. de Malacol., 1825, pp. 469, 627, pl xd5 fig. 1.
Cleanthus, Leach. Moll. Brit. syn., 1852, p. 28.
Berthella, Blv. BR. Bergh, Die Opisthobr. d. Siboga Exp., 1905, pp. 68-73.
40 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
BERTHELLA GRANULATA (Krauss) ?
Pleurobranchus granulatus, Krauss. Die Sitdafric. Moll., 1848,
[Oe Olly ? Berthella granulata, Vayss. l.c., 1898, pp. 268-271, pl. 10, figs. 14-16.
PIOV., figs. 27, 28; BIW fesse:
Two specimens were procured, October 23, 1897, at Somerset West (False Bay). They were very much hardened.
They were similar in appearance, were 2°5-3 cm. long. The largest was 1:2 mm. broad, 1:'4 mm. high; the breadth of the frontal veil was 10 mm., the length of the flattened gill 13 mm. by a breadth of 5, the breadth of the foot 15 mm. The animals were of one colour, yellowish gray.
The form about the same as that of B. plwmula; on the mantle, which was quite smooth, a very fine white punctuation. The genital capilla without stronger folds. The shell was not visible externally.
The shell placed anteriorly and a little to the right, 6-5 mm. long, by a breadth in front of 3, very flattened, hard, yellow, with an anterior cuticular brim, the spire very small (fig. 27), white.
The bulbus pharyngeus whitish, of usual form, 7 mm. long by a breadth of 4 and a height of 3mm. The mandibular plates yellow, thin; their elements (fig. 28, 1, 2) of a length of 0-16 and a height of 0:08 ; the hook is very pointed, without denticles (sometimes the point was split in 2 to 3 short needles), the lateral knots only shghtly prominent, the inferior margin forming an angle. The yellow rasp of the tongwe contained about 40 series of plates, in the sheath were about 43, the total number of rows therefore being 83; about 130 plates in the rows. The plates yellow at the base, otherwise nearly colourless, reaching a height of 0:25 mm., their form and relations (figs. 3, 4) being otherwise nearly as in the B. plurmla.
Another specimen was procured at Kalk Bay, January 5, 1904. It had a length of 24 mm., the fine gill 11 mm. long; no trace of white punctuation of the mantle.—The shel/ 5mm. long by a breadth of 2, rather hard, reddish yellow, the small spire white.
The bulbus pharyngeus 5 mm. long by a breadth of 4 and a height of 3; the mandibles (as well as the rasp) brownish yellow. In the rasp of the tongue about 38, in the sheath about 33 series of plates. The plates as usual.—The penis as usual.
Vayssiére seems to have examined the original specimens of
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. ot
Krauss, and with respect to the shell, the elements of the mandibles and to the lingual plates, the form here examined agrees with the figures given by Vayssiére. On the other hand the ‘ Plewrobranchus (Oscamella) granulatus, Krauss,”’ in my Monograph,* founded on a specimen purchased as belonging to the form of Krauss, is quite different, and does not even belong to the Berthelle.
BERTHELLA GRANULATA (Krauss), var.
A specimen was procured from Hout Bay by dredge, December 22, 1897, resembling the above.
It had a length of 3 cm. by a breadth of 2 and a height of 1:5; the breadth of the frontal veil was 11 mm., the length of the some- what flattened gill 18 by a breadth of 4, and the breadth of the foot 16 mm. The animal was of a uniform grayish colour, no white punctuation being visible on the back.
The gill with about 25 pairs of lamellae.
The mouth tube 3 mm. long. The bulbus pharyngeus 5 mm. long ‘by a breadth of 2°5 and a height of 3-5; the elements of the yellow mandibles merely 0:14 mm. long by a breadth of 0:05 and a height of 0:05; otherwise quite as in the form above. The plates of the tongue as above, reaching a height up to 0:28 mm.
Four smaller (15-17 mm. long) individuals were procured at Gordon’s Bay (in False Bay) at low tide. Their mandibles and rasp were quite similar to those of the other individuals, only that their elements were much smaller.
NUDIBRANCHIATA.
NUDIBRANCHIATA HOLOHEPATICA. DORIDIDA CRYPTOBRANCHIATH.
ARCHIDORIDID/4.
R. Bergh, System der nudibr. Gasteropoden. Malacolog. Unter- such., ul. (xviii. Heft). 1892, pp. 1092-1094.
ARCHIDORIS, Bgh. R. Bergh, J.c., p. 1092 ;—J.c., 1905, p. 93.
* L.¢., pp. 112-115, taf. ix., figs. 17-22.
42 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Socvety.
ARCHIDORIS CAPENSIS, Bgh. n. sp.
One specimen, now very much hardened, was procured at Cape Point by large trawl ; it had been first treated with cocaine.
The specimen was of a uniform white colour. Its length was 40 mm. by a breadth of 22 and a height of 12 mm.; the height of the rhinophores was 3, the diameter of the gill-aperture 5, the height of the gill-leaves 5 mm., the breadth of the brim of the back 7; the tentacles 2 mm. long ; the breadth of the foot 11, of its brim 3 mm., the length of the tail 5.
The form oval, somewhat depressed. The yale even, quite finely chagreened, with broad brim. The somewhat clumsy club of the rhinophores with numerous lamellz, stiffened by closely set long very hardened spicules. The number of gill-leaves 6. The ten- tacles finger-shaped. The foot strong, the anterior margin with deep furrow, the upper lip with median cleft.
The cerebro-pleural ganglia somewhat long, the pedal short, pear- shaped. The eyes of a diameter of 0°22 mm., with large yellow lens ; the otocysts measuring 0°16 mm. in diameter packed full with otokonia. The skin full of very hard long spicules of a diameter up to 0-025 mm., mostly lying in bundles sometimes irregular and star- shaped. In the interstitial connective tissue a mass of similar spicula.
The mouth tube 5mm. long. The somewhat yellowish bulbus pharyngeus (inclosing the strong 3 mm. projecting rasp-sheath) 9 mm. long by a height of 5:5 and a breadth of 6 mm. ; the lip dise covered by a colourless and not thin cuticula. The broad tongue with yellow rasp, the rhachis narrow, the number of rows about 28, in the sheath 33, the total number being thus 61; about 90 plates in the series on each side ; the plates of the common hook form; the height of the outermost 0°14 mm., of the sixth 0-20, the height rising to 0:25 mm.
The salivary glands long, well developed, of a diameter up to 2mm., reaching backwards to the liver, the ducts very short.
The stomach globular, 5 mm. in diameter, projecting from the cleft of the liver ; the intestine 24 mm. long by a diameter of 1:5. The lever on the outside yellowish, its substance yellow, of conical form, its fore-end obliquely truncate, 17 mm. long by a breadth anteriorly of 10.
The oval pericardium 10 mm.; the pericardio-renal organ some- what flattened, 1:5 mm. long.
The thin layer of the whitish hermaphrodite gland contained in its lobules ripe genital elements. The anterior genital mass of irregular
The Opisthobranchiata of South Afraca. 43
meniscus-form, 14 mm. long by a height of 11 and a breadth of 5, yellowish white and white; the spermatotheca pear-shaped, 5 mm. long, the spermatocysta globular, of 3 mm. diameter; the efferent ducts without any trace of armature.
This form seems to belong to the genus Archidoris.
2. ARCHIDORIS GRANOSA, B. n. sp. Pl, V., figs. 16-18.
At Tongaati River mouth (NW. by N.4, N. 54 miles) an individual was procured by large dredge, from a depth of 36 fms. and hard ground (December 20, 1900). Two others were procured at Wood- stock beach (Table Bay).
They were very hardened and quite stiff, 20-25 mm. long by a breadth of 13-19 and a height of 0-8-1-0, the breadth of the brim of the back 3-4, that of the foot 8-10, the tail 3-4 mm. long.—The -colour of the living animal seems to have been yellowish, but is now a yellowish white.
The form as usual: the back all over covered with more or less small nodules of a diameter up to 7°5 and a height to 0°75 mm. (fig. 16); along the middle of the back sometimes a series of somewhat larger nodules, which formed a sort of median crest ; the gill seemed formed of 8-leaves about 2 mm. high (when retracted).
The eyes, which were nearly sessile, of a diameter of 0°08 mm. with large yellow lens; the otocysts of a diameter of 0-08, full of otokonia. The skin everywhere with masses of hard spicules, which ascended through the nodules of the back.
The whitish bulbus pharyngeus with prominent rasp-sheath 4-6 mm. long by a height of 4-5 anda breadth of 3-5-4; the lip dise covered with a strong colourless cuticula. The very slightly yellowish rasp of the tongwe seemed to contain 25 series of plates, the rasp-sheath 20, the total number of rows thus being 45. The plates colourless; the height of the outermost (fig. 18), about 0:06 mm., rising to 0:22; of the common hook-shaped form (ig 7).
The large stomach 8 mm. long by a breadth of 3:5, very projecting ; the liver yellowish white.
The form here examined seems to be an Archidoris, but could not, on account of its hardened state, be sufficiently examined. It would perhaps be preferable not to give a specific denomination.
44 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
2. ARCHIDORIS ?? scoRIpTA, Bgh. n. sp.
Color albidus, notszo punctis et striolis nigris interruptus; margine limbi dorsalis flavo. Pl. XL, figs. 19-25.
Of this form three individuals were sent, procured off the Hongazi River by dredge, now unfortunately very hardened and stiff.
The lengths of the specimens were 10, 15, and 21 mm. The largest had a breadth of 13 and a height of 7 mm.; the brim of the back 4; the height of the gill-leaves 2°5; that of the rhinophores 2°5; the length of tentacles 1°55 mm.; the breadth of the foot 5:5, and the length of the tail 3°56 mm.—The colour was white ; the back showed, irregularly spread, very finely punctuated dots and stripes (fig. 19); the margin of the brim of the back yellow; the sole of the foot with clear, grayish shades. A white intestine shone through the middle of the back and of the foot.
The circumference oval, the body somewhat depressed, the back smooth, its brim rather broad ; the rhinophores and the gill with its 6-leaves, both situated rather before and behind. The tentacles conical ; the foot rather broad, with prominent brim, its anterior margin with deep furrow and its upper lip medianly cleft; the tail projecting behind the body proper.
The central nervous system as usual. The diameter of the eyes 0:14 mm., the lens very yellow; the diameter of the otocysts 0:10 ; they were quite packed with otokonia; in the lamelle of the club of rhinophores some long, very calcified spicules of a diameter of 0-007 mm.; no spicules in the tentacles ; the skin of the back with numerous, very calcified spicules (fig. 20), mostly of a diameter of 0-013-0:016 mm.
The buccal tube strong, 2 mm. long. The whitish bulbus pharyngeus 3 rm. long, with strong prominent rasp-sheath ; the lip dise with nearly colourless rather thin cuticula. The tongue broad; in the clear-yellowish rasp 16 plates, in the rasp-sheath 15, of which the two hindermost are not fully developed, the total number of plates being thus 31. The plates nearly colourless; the height of the innermost 0:08, of the outermost 0:04 mm., of the next 0:08, rising to0°20 mm. The number of plates in the rows up to 42. They were of the common hook form (figs. 21-24), the outer- most somewhat different (fig. 24a), but missing (fig. 21).
The white salivary glands flattened, lobate at the margin, 2 mm. long. |
The liver 10 mm. long, brownish, its sides covered by the rather thick layer of the yellowish white hermaphrodite gland, in the lobes
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 45
of which there were no ripe genital elements. The whitish anterior genital mass 5-5 mm. long; the long spermduct (fig. 25a) forms a coil of fine windings ; the penis (fig. 25) cylindrical, 5 mm. long, the glans moreover 2 mm., projecting in the thin preputium (fig. 25c), absolutely unarmed ; the spermatotheca 2 mm. in diameter, sperma- tocyst half as large. |
The generic position of this form in the system of the Doridide, as hitherto framed, seems very uncertain. The want of armature of the lip disc, the nature of the rasp and the unarmed penis would seem to denote an affinity to Archidoris, but the habitus is quite different and the back quite even.
STAURODORIS, Bgh.
R. Bergh, System d. nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden, l.c., 1892,
? p. 1093.
Kliot, Nudibranchiata. Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 1., 1, 1903, pp. 557-558.—On some Nudibranchs from East Africa and Zanzibar. Proc. Zool. Soc. of London, 1903, u., pp. 863-364.
Corpus non durum, subdepressum, dorso tuberculato; foves rhinophoriorum sicut fovea branchialis tuberculis marginalibus elevatis valviformibus defense; tentacula brevia crassa, sulco marginali externo ; branchia e foliis sat numerosis simpliciter pinnatis formata. }
Penis et vagina inermes.
The genus belonging to the family of the Archidorididz has, like the other genera, the lp disc merely covered by a simple cuticula, the radula shows the narrow rhachis naked and the pleure with a series of hook-formed plates. It differs from the other genera by the protecting valves of the rhinophores and of the gill; the leaves of the last are, moreover, simply pinnate.
To the genus belong:
1. St. verrucosa (Cuv.). St. pseudoverrucosa, Jher. St. Januaru, Beh. St. Berthelots (d’Orb.). St. (juv. ?) bicolor, Bgh. St. ocelligera, Bgh. M. mediterr., atlant. or. et occ. 2. St. @ Orbignyt (Gray). Hab. ?
46 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
3. St. calva, BHhiot. M. africano-indie. 4. St. ? pustulata (Abraham). M. Pacific. 5. St. ? depressa, EH. M. africano-indic. 6. St. ? pecten, H. M. africano-imdic.
ST. VERRUCOSA (Cuv.). POX ess 26.2
The single specimen sent had been procured on the shore amongst rocks at St. James. It was unfortunately very hardened.
The length of the animal was 8 by a breadth of 5 and a height of 3 mm.; the breadth of the gill star 3, the height of the gill-leaves 0:5, the breadth of the brim of the back 1°3 mm.; the breadth of the foot 3°5 mm.—The colour yellowish white.
The form oval, somewhat depressed. The rhinophores protected on each side by a little valva. The back covered all over with small and quite small rounded tubercles of a diameter up to 0°5 mm.; the gill formed of about 20 (?) simple leaves the protecting valves rather small; the foot not narrow, the tail rather short.
The cerebral and pleural ganglia quite distinct, smaller than the roundish pedal. The eyes of a diameter of about 0°12 mm.; that of the otocysts 0°10, they were packed full of otokonia of a length up to 0016 mm. The skin (of the back) full of very calcified long spicules of a diameter up to 0-025 mm.; spicules of the same kind in quantity in the valves, and in the lamelle of the rhinophores.
The mouth tube 1:5 mm. long. The bulbus pharyngeus together with the very projecting rasp-sheath 3 mm. long; the lip disc covered by a yellowish cuticle. The tongue with yellowish rasp that contained 12 series of plates and in the sheath 15, the total number of rows thus being 27; in the series up to 39 plates.* The nearly colourless plates of the common hook form (figs. 26, 27); the height of the outermost 0°03, the height of the plates rising to 0-12 mm.
* The number of series of plates and the number of plates in the series seem to vary much in the S¢. verrucosa. Ina small series of specimens of the typical form the number of series varied from 40 to 73, with a number of plates in the series from 41 to 95. In the St. bicolor these numbers were 28 to 33 and 33 to. 36; in the St. Januarti the number varied from 39 to 61 and 40 to 65.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 47
The whitish salivary glands were nodular and seemed to be shorter than in the typical species. The liver yellowish, of conical form.
The form here examined seemed to be the typical St. verrucosa (Cuv.) of the Mediterranean Sea and from both sides of the Atlantic.
DISCODORIDID.
R. Bergh, System d. nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden, 1892, p. 1095. —Die Opisthobranchiaten d. Siboga Exped., 1905, pp. 98-118.
GEIToporis, Bgh.
R. Bergh, Die Opisthobranchiaten. Rep. on Alaska. Bull. of the
Mus. of Compar. Zodlogy at Harvard College, xxv., 10, 1894, p. 162 (—-168).
Corpus ovale, depressum, notzo minute granulato vel levi; tentacula digitiformia; branchia e foliolis tripinnatis formata.
Armatura labialis e baculis minutis composita. Radula lata ; rhachide angusta nuda; pleuris multidentatis, dentibus internis fortibus hamatis, externis tenuissimis.
Penis inermis.
This genus differs from the other generic forms of Discodorididz especially in the dimorphism of the plates of the radula. The genus now contains :— 1. G. complanata (Verrill). M. Atlant. occrd. 2. G. vumnunda, B. M, Pacsfie. 3. G. Capensis, B. n. sp. M. Capense.
GEITODORIS CAPENSIS, Bgh. n. sp. Pl. XII, figs. 2-5. One specimen was sent, dredged off Glendower Beacon; it was very much hardened.
When alive it was of yellow colour. In the preserved condition it was of a length of 18 mm. by a breadth of 11 and a height of 6; the rhinophores 2 mm. high, the brim of the back 3, the height of the gill-leaves 2°5; the breadth of the foot 7, of its brim 1:5 mm.
48 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Soctety.
The colour of the back yellowish, that of the gill a little darker; the body otherwise whitish; the white intestines were visible through the hind part of the back and of the sides.
The form as usual. The rhinophores standing very far forwards, with prominent sheaths, the club with about 15 lamelle. The back nearly quite even with rather broad brim; the gill consisting of 6 leaves, standing very far backwards. The tentacles short, finger- like ; the foot rather large, with prominent brim; the tail short.
The central nervous system as usual. The eyes, with yellow lens, of a diameter of 0:16 mm.; the otocysts of a diameter of 0:09, nearly filed by a mass of otokonia mostly of a diameter of 0:°008 mm. In the skin (of the back) a number of scattered spicules which were not long nor very much calcified; almost none in the lamelle of the club of the rhinophores.
The yellowish bulbus pharyngeus about 3 mm. long, so hardened that a sufficient examination was quite impossible. The yellow lip plates (fig. 2) composed of closely packed rods of a height up to 0-035 and a diameter of 07009 mm, The rasp seemed in its rows to contain about 30 more regular and 10-15 quite thin plates on each side of the naked rather narrow rhachis. The plates nearly colourless, transparent, hard, rising to a height of 0:33 mm. The plates erect, fixed to the cuticula only by their lower end; the plates of the larger inner part of the rows strong, of peculiar hook form (figs. 3, 4), with a strong outer border; the smaller outer part (fig. 5) showed, without any transition, merely very thin rather long plates.
The liver yellowish-white. The whiter hermaphrodite gland covering the largest part of the liver; in its lobules were ripe genital elements. The anterior genital mass white; the penis seemed to be unarmed.
The animal seems to belong to the genus Geitodoris.
DIAULULIDAS. R. Bergh, System. J.c., 1892, p. 1097 (—1100).—Die Opistho- branchiata d. Siboga Exped., 1905, pp. 118-136. | Diauuuna, Bgh.
R. Bergh, System, 1892, p. 1097.—Die Opisthobranchiata, J.c., 1905, pp. 118-121.
1. DIAULULA CAPENSIS, B. n. sp.
Pl. V., figs. 19-22.
At Mossel Bay (Seal Island, 8. by W., 14 miles) one individual was dredged from a depth of 11 fms. with bottom of sand and shells.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 49
When alive it was “light-brown” in colour. In the preserved state it was very stiff and hardened, and of a yellowish white colour, the rhinophores only being brownish gray.
The length of the body was 25 mm. by a breadth of 15 and a height of 8; the height of the (retracted) rhinophores 2 mm.; the diameter of the gill hole 5 mm.; the height of the gill-leaves (retracted) 4; the brim of the back 3 mm.; the foot 8 mm. broad, its brim 2, the tail short.
The back was of a fine chagreen texture all over; the closely set (figs. 19, 20) small papillae of a height up to0-16 mm. The region of the (retracted) rhinophores somewhat prominent. The (retracted) gill composed of 8 apparently tripinnate leaves; the projecting anus subcentral.
The eyes of a diameter of 0:16 mm., with large clear-yellow lens. The lamelle of the club of the rhinophores stiffened with long spicula. Coarse long spicules in quantity in the skin of the back, also ascending through the papillule and often projecting on their top (fig. 20).
_ The white mouth tube 25 mm. long. The white bulbus pharyngeus 4 mm. long by a height of 3, the lip disc covered by a strong yellowish white cuticle, the rasp-sheath rather projecting behind on the under side. The rasp of the strong tongue faint yellowish, containing about 15 series of plates, in the sheath 25, the total number of rows thus being 40; the number of plates in the rows about 35. The plates were nearly colourless; the height of the outermost 0-14 mm., the height rising to 0:285. The plates were of the usual hook form (fig. 21), the outermost somewhat slender (fig. 22).
The cesophagus 11 mm. long, the intestine appearing at the middle of the length of the liver, bending and passing backwards with a total length of 830 mm. by a diameter of 3. Its contents were animal matter and quantities of spicules pointed at both ends. The liver yellowish white, 12 mm. long by a breadth of 8 and a height of 7; with a deep median fissure through the anterior half of the upper side, divided by superficial furrows into several lobes, with a flattening of the under side towards the right. The gall-bladder on the left side of the cardia, 2 mm. high by a diameter at the summit of 0-4.
The grayish blood glands as usual.
The hermaphrodite gland with a whitish layer covering the upper side of the liver; the lobules contained ripe genital ele- ments. The anterior genital mass white and yellowish white, 8 mm. long by a height of 6 and a thickness of 4:5; the large
a
00 Transactions of the South African Philosoplical Society.
prostata of a diameter of 4 mm., the globulous spermatotheca of 2 mm. diameter.
This form seemed to be a Diaulula and very likely a new species.
2. DiauLuLA ? morRoSA, B. n. sp. Pl. V., figs. 23-26.
One specimen of this form was found on the shore at Mossel Bay.
It had a length of 14 by a breadth of 6 and a height of 3 mm., the height of the rhinophores 1:5, the diameter of the gill-aperture 2:5, and the height of the branchial leaves 1:5; the breadth of the foot 3°25 mm.—The back of this animal was of a uniform dark greenish gray colour, the foot white.
The form was elongate-oval, rounded behind and in front with somewhat prominent brim of the villous back; the lamellae of the rhinophores not thin; the gill consisting of 10 simply pinnate leaves, protruding from the roundish gill-opening; the tentacles small; the foot shorter than the back, with prominent brim.
The back densely covered with rather low villi of a height up to 0-2 mm., stiffened with spicules in and often around them (fig. 23) ; the skin of the back containing masses of dark pigment and many spicules.
The bulbus pharyngeus 2 mm. long, whitish; the lip disc with a strong, much folded, colourless cuticle (no armature). The rasp of the tongue nearly colourless, with many rows of plates and many plates in the series; the plates colourless, reaching a height mostly of 0:016 mm., of the common hook form (fig. 24), the outermost (6) very thin and slender, with short basal plate, reaching a height of 0-14 mm. (figs. 25, 26).
The liver longish, 6 mm. long, clear grayish yellow.
The anterior genital mass whitish. The penis short, pear-shaped ; the glans short, conical, with yellowish cuticle.
The generic position of this animal is quite uncertain; in many respects it would seem to belong to the Diaululide, but the leaves of the gill are simply pinnate.
THORDISA, Bgh.
R. Bergh, System, J.c., 1892, p. 1098.—Die Opisthobranchiata d. Siboga Exped., 1905, pp. 121-124.
THORDISA PUNCTULIFERA, B. n. sp. Pl. VL, figs. 1-4.
In False Bay (Rockland Point bearing NW. 4, N. 24 miles) three specimens were taken by large dredge, together with a species of
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 51
Chromodoris, from rocky bottom with many sponges in a depth of 23 fms.
The very hardened specimens varied in length from 11 to 16 mm. and resembled each other. The largest was 9 mm. broad by a height of 3:5; the height of the rhinophores nearly 2; the diameter of the gill aperture 1, the height of the gill-leaves 1:5, the breadth of the brim of the back 3, the breadth of the foot 3°5, and the length of the tail 1:5 mm.—The animal was of a uniform white colour, with small black roundish and more irregular spots spread over the back, sometimes too on the foot-brim; the brim of the back had perhaps been of another colour.
The form longish oval, with the broad brim of the back somewhat undulating. The back appeared under the lens covered all over with very small closely set tubercles of a height and diameter of about 0-10 mm.; the black points much larger than the tubercles, measuring up to 0°3 mm. The rhinophores with about 20 lamellee and prominent end-papilla. The gill containing 5 tripinnate leaves. The tentacles appeared as very small prominences on the sides of the head. ‘The brim of the foot not narrow, the tail short.
The central nervous system as usual. The eyes of a diameter of 0-12 mm.; the otocysts a little smaller, crowded with otokonia.
The small tubercles of the skin (fig. 1) with many cellular glands and spicules (fig. 2). The skin as well as the interstitial tissue crowded with calcified cells and long spicules.
‘The whitish bulbus pharyngeus. about 3 mm. long, with prominent rasp-sheath; the lip disc clothed with a nearly colourless cuticle. The rasp of the tongue was nearly colourless and seemed to contain about 30 series of plates, the rasp-sheath about 30, the total number of rows thus being about 60. In the series on both sides of the rhachis (fig. 3) about 100 plates. The plates nearly colourless, the height of the 3 innermost 0-04-0-05-0:06, the height rising to 0-3 mm.; in the outermost it was 0-06-0:10—-0:12-0:14—0:16-0-20, 0:25. They were of the usual hook form (figs. 3, 4); the 3 outer- most being always of another form, erect, with rounded, finely pectinated end (fig. 4).
The salivary glands white, long, flattened. The posterior visceral mass (liver) 5°5 mm. long by a breadth of 3; flattened on the under side, yellowish.
The anterior genital mass 3°5 mm. long, whitish; the penis as well as the vagina without armature.
The tail of this animal is short, scarcely projecting behind the back, otherwise it resembles the D. punctulifera, B. (Neue
52 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
Nacktschnecken der Siidsee II. Journ d. Mus. Godeffroy, Heft vi.
1874, taf. 1, figs. 19, 20), only known by the coloured figure of Graeffe.
GENUS (?).
Doris (Gen. ?) pseudida, B. n. sp. Pl. VI., figs. 7-8.
Near Table Bay (Lion’s Head bearing N. 63 E., 34 miles) four individuals were taken by shrimp-trawl from a depth of 154 fms. on a bottom with black specks. The three individuals sent were very hardened.
Two were 15 and 23 mm. long. The third, which was dissected, had a length of 33 by a breadth of 20 and a height of 14 mm., the rhinophores 1 mm. high; the brim of the back 5 mm. broad; the round gill-hole of a diameter of 3 mm., the height of the retracted gill-leaves 3 mm.; the tentacles 1 mm. long, the breadth of the foot 6, the length of the tail2 mm. The animal was uniformly coloured whitish ; a fine white line along the margin of the back.
The form longish-oval, the brim of the quite smooth back not narrow, overlapping the head and the tail, the rhinophores per- foliate; the gill formed of 6 tripinnate leaves, the subcentral anal papilla 3 mm. high. The tentacles short, finger-shaped; the brim of the foot rather narrow.
Calcified groups of cells and spicules seldom occurred in the skin.
The bulbus pharyngeus 7mm. long by a height and a breadth of 5, the rasp-sheath not prominent, the lip disc clothed with a thick white cuticle. The rasp of the tongue yellowish, containing 9 series of plates, in the rasp-sheath about 15, the total number of rows thus being 24; the rows seemed to have about 25 plates on each side of the very narrow rhachis. The plates nearly colourless, the height ~ of the 4 outermost was 0-06-0:12-0-14-0:16, rising to 0°37 mm. The plates of the usual hook form (fig. 7), with hook quite even, the outermost small (fig. 8). |
The white salivary glands long, their last two-thirds flattened, 1 mm. broad, the remaining hinder part very thin, the efferent duct not short.
The large stomach very prominent, 8 mm. long by a breadth of 6; its contents were animal matter with quantities of pointed hard spicules. The intestine 2°8 cm. long by a diameter of 0-5-1 mm. The yellowish white liver short, conical, 14 mm. long with a hollow base (for the stomach), of 11 mm. diameter. The gall-bladder 4-5 mm. high by a diameter at its summit of 3:5.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. a3
The genital system very little developed, the penis apparently unarmed.
This form does not seem to belong to any of the hitherto estab- lished genera or even families of the cryptobranchiate Doridide.
GENUS (?).
Doris (Gen. ?) perplexa, B. n. sp. Pl. VI., figs. 5-6.
Off Cape St. Blaize (N. by H. 84 miles) a specimen was taken by large trawl from a depth of 39 fms. on stony bottom, and in company with the Doriopsilla capensis.
It was very hardened but soft, coloured uniformly whitish, the back anteriorly slightly grayish brown. It was 25 mm. long by a
height and breadth of 7:5; the breadth of the foot 4 mm.
The form longish, highest in the middle of the length, the quite smooth back separated from the sides by a narrow white margin; the rhinophores well in front, 2 mm. high, with the club bent some- what backwards; the gill placed quite behind, 3 mm. from the end of the body, formed by 6 simply pinnate leaves about 1:5 mm. high ; the tentacles very small lobes; the foot rounded in front; the brim rather narrow, the tail very short, passing into the back without distinct demarcation.
The central nervous system as usual. The diameter of the eyes 0-12 mm. No spicules in the skin.
The mouth tube 4 mm. long. The whitish bulbus pharyngeus 5 mm. long by a height of 4:5 and a breadth of 3:5; the rasp-sheath large, projecting downwards; the lip disc with a rather strong, nearly colourless cuticle. The rasp of the large tongue nearly colourless ; the number of series of plates could not be determined. The series seemed to contain up to 46 plates on each side of the inconspicuous rhachis. The plates nearly colourless; the length of the basal plate of the innermost 0:10 mm.; that of the 4 outermost (fig. 6) was 0:08-0:12-0-18-0:22, rising to 0°37. They were of the common hook form, with wing of the basal plate (fig. 5).
The white salivary glands very long.
The stomach 5 mm. long by a breadth of 2. The intestine 17 mm. long by a breadth of 0-5-0°75, filled with indeterminable animal matter with masses of needle-shaped pellucid spicules. The large yellowish white liver, conical, 15 mm. long by a breadth of 5,
o4 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
The genital system very little developed; no ripe genital elements were seen ; the penis seemed unarmed.
This form could not be referred to any of the hitherto established genera. It had a smooth back with very narrow margin, simply pinnate gill-leaves. Moreover, no armature of the lip disc, and uniform hook-formed lingual plates. |
GENUS (?).
Doris (Gen. ?) glabella, B. n. sp. PL VL, figs. 9-13.
One specimen was procured off Buffalo Bay by shrimp-trawl from a depth of 30 fms. with sandy bottom, with stony Polyzoa. It was very contracted and hardened.
The colour was yellowish white, the gill more yellow, and the club of the rhinophores brownish. The length was 4 cm. by a height of 2:2 and a breadth of 2; the length of the club of the per- foliated rhinophores 3 mm.; the diameter of the prominent gill 11, its leaves—7 mm. long, the strong anal papilla 2 mm. high; the breadth of the foot 6 mm., the length of the tail 6.
The body somewhat compressed, the even back rounded, passing into the sides of the body. The 10 leaves of the gill mostly bifid or trifid, often branched, set in horseshoe form, simply pinnate (fig. 9).
The nervous system and the eyes as usual. In the skin, besides the enormous quantity of glandular cells, calcified cells and cell- groups, long, irregular grumous calcified spicula.
The mouth tube 6 mm. long. The bulbus pharyngeus 12 mm. long, 8 mm. broad, and 7 high; the thick rasp-sheath rather prominent; the lip dise with thick, yellowish cuticle, and a narrow armature of, as it were, chitinous cylinder-epithelium of a height of about 0°025 by a diameter of 0-007 mm. (fig. 10). The broad rasp of the tongue with about 60 series of plates, in the sheath moreover about 70; in the long rows on each side of the narrow naked rhachis about 200-300 plates. The plates clear yellow; the innermost (fig. 11) of a height of 0:08 mm., the three outermost 0:025-0:04-0:08 mm. high, the height of the plates from both ends of the rows abruptly rising to 0°25 mm. The plates were of the common hook form (fig. 12), never denti- culated, the 1-2 outermost (fig. 11) small and somewhat irregular. A peculiar deformation was rather often seen in the different
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 55
series, and often several times in the same series (fig. 13); the point of the plates sometimes bifid.
The white salivary glands were long and thin.
The cesophagus 1:2 cm. long. The (liver-) stomachal cavity rather small; the intestine appearing at about the middle of the length of the liver, turning on the anterior genital mass and going backwards to the anal papilla. The length of the intestine 2°5 cm. by a diameter generally of 3 mm. ‘The liver clear yellowish gray, rather short and thick, 12 mm. long by a diameter of 9, with a depression for the anterior genital mass.
The reno-pericardial organ rather roundish, of a diameter of 1:5 mm.
The anterior genital mass seemed of a rather complicated nature, but it could not be made out in the hardened specimen; it was about 15 mm. long by a diameter of 7-8. Its hinder part was formed by a sort of short pyramid, yellowish gray, of a height of 6 mm., by a base of 8, very likely opening in the vestibulum ; the rest of the mass whitish and yellowish ; the spermatotheca globular, of a diameter of 3°5; the coil of the windings of the vas deferens very large, consisting of a longer prostatic and a shorter muscular part ; the penis 6 mm. long, without armature.
This form cannot apparently be placed in any of the hitherto known genera of Doridide ; it agrees with the Chromodoris and the Halla in the simply pinnate nature of the gill-leaves.
CHROMODORIDIDA.
R. Bergh, System, /.c., pp. 1103-1112.—Die Opisthobranchiata d. Siboga Exped., 1905, pp. 142-168.
CHROMODORIS, Ald. et Hance. R. Bergh, J.c., 1905, pp. 143-162.
1. CHROMODORIS ALBOLIMBATA, B. n. sp. Pl. VI., figs. 18-24.
Off Sebastian Bluff (W. by N., 3 N., 7 miles) one individual was taken by large dredge from a depth of 20 fms.; the bottom was coral and stones.
The animal was 15 mm. long by a breadth of 6 and a height
56 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
of 4; the height of the rhinophores 1:5; the entirely everted gill projected 2 mm., the diameter of the gill-star 6 mm., the length of the leaves up to 3; the brim of the back 1:5, the breadth of the foot 4 and the length of the tail 3 mm.—The colour clear reddish white, the brim of the back chalk-white.
The back quite even; the very fine gill with its 15 leaves (fig. 18) mostly extending out horizontally ; the anal papilla sub- median; the caudal and frontal veil about 1:5 mm. broad, the white brim finely punctuated; the tail projecting behind the back. |
The diameter of the eyes 0:10 mm., the lens very clear yellow. The diameter of the otocysts 0°08. The brim of the back filled with sacks of very different size, stuffed with vesicles mostly 0-04 mm. in diameter.
The length of the mouth tube 2 mm. The whitish bulbus pharyngeus with the (fig. 19) prominent rasp-sheath 3 mm, long by a breadth of 2. The very strong (fig. 19) lip plate reddish brown, the elements, which were variously bent (fig. 20), of a length up to 0:06 by a diameter of nearly 0:005 mm. The rasp of the tongue yellowish, with many series of plates and a great number of plates in the series. The plates of usual form (fig. 23) and all with finely denticulated hook. On the very narrow rhachis small triangular pseudo-plates (fig. 21a) of a length short of 0:04 mm. The innermost plates denticulated as usual on both sides of the hook, 0:030 mm. high (fig. 21), the next 0:04 mm. high (fig. 22), the outermost about 8-10 plates only denticulated at the point (fig. 24).
The liver on the outside gray, in section black, 8 mm. long by a breadth of 3 and a thickness of 2°5, sausage-shaped ; its fore-end and upper side covered by the whitish yellow hermaphrodite gland. The anterior genital mass whitish yellow, about 3°5 mm. long; the penis 1-5 mm. long.
This form is different from the 13 species of Chromodoris described by Hliot (J.c., iv., 1904, pp. 386-399) from Zanzibar ; perhaps it is identical with one of the many species described from the Indo-Pacific Seas.
2. CHROMODORIS EUELPIS,* B. n. sp. 1d an Vo er ot ode One specimen was procured off Umloti River mouth by large dredge from a depth of 45 fms. and a hard bottom of sand and shells
on December 18, 1900. | * ?Ruedmec, Good Hope.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 57
The specimen, killed with cocaine and expanded but somewhat hardened, had a total length of 18 mm. by a breadth of 4 and a height of 3 mm.; the frontal as well as the caudal veil projected 2-5 mm., the first 5 mm. broad, broader than the caudal; the height of the rhinophores 2, of the gill 25 mm.; the breadth of the foot 3, the length of the tail 7 mm.—The animal of a uniform yellowish colour, the back and the sides of the body very finely punctuated with black dots.
The form as usual, the frontal and caudal veil very pronounced, the back quite even; the anterior part of the brim of the back and the caudal veil showed a series of slightly prominent bags (as seen in so many Chromodorides) with contents of roundish and pear- shaped elements; the gill, far back on the back, formed of eight leaves ; the brim of the back prominent; the tentacles short, finger- shaped, the tail rather long.
The dirty whitish bulbus pharyngeus 3 mm. long. The slight yellowish armature of the lip disc 0°50 mm. high by a breadth of 0°25, the elements (fig. 14) of a height up to 0:035 mm., with somewhat thicker bent end. The rasp of the tongue slghtly yellowish with many rows of plates, and very many plates in the series. The plates nearly colourless, of a height up to 0-035 mm., the outermost measuring 0°016. They showed (figs. 15, 16) a plump bifid hook, the outermost of which (fig. 17) was more irregular.
The long salivary glands white. The liver grayish, sausage- shaped, 8 mm. long by a diameter of 2. The anterior genital mass whitish.
Perhaps this form represents a new species. No form of Chromodoris seems to have been hitherto described from the region of the Cape; this species does not agree with any of those from Zanzibar described by Eliot.
3. CHROMODORIS, sp. Pl. VI., figs. 25-26.
Three specimens were procured in False Bay (Rockland Point bearing N. 4 N., 24 miles) by large dredge from rocky bottom with many sponges in a depth of 23 fms., together with the Thordisa punctulifera.
The specimens, which were much hardened, varied in length from 13-17 mm. The largest was 13 mm. broad by a height of 4°5; the height of the rhinophores 2:5, the breadth of the brim of the back
08 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
30, the height of the gill 2-5 mm., the breadth of the foot 4, the length of the tail 2 mm. The animal was of a uniform whitish colour, the tubercles of the back white, the gill grayish.
The form was longish oval ; the back covered all over with small rounded tubercles of a diameter of about 0°25 mm. These were also very distinct on the margin of the gill and of the rhinophore cavities ; the gill seemed formed of about 12 simply pinnate leaves. The tentacles appeared merely as small tubercles. |
The central nervous system, eyes and otocysts as usual. In the skin of the back calcified cells and spicules were in abundance.
The mouth tube 2°5 mm. long. The whitish bulbus pharyngeus 3°5 mm. long by a breadth and a height of 3, with rather prominent rasp-sheath : the lip plates large, nearly joing above and below, about 2 mm. high, 1 mm. broad, yellow; their elements (fig. 25) somewhat bent, 0°08 mm. high. The rasp yellow, with many series of plates. The number of plates in the series could not be deter- mined. The plates (fig. 26) nearly colourless, of a height up to 0-08 mm., the hooks finely denticulated.
The salivary glands long, white, flattened.
The stomach large, 3 mm. broad, covering the anterior half of the liver. The posterior visceral mass (liver) yellowish white, short, conical, 7 mm. long by a breadth of 3:5.
This form is very likely identical with one of the many hitherto described species of Chromodoris.
APHELODORIS, B. R. Bergh, System, /.c., 1892, p. 1112.
APHELODORIS ? ? BRUNNEA, Bgh.n. sp. PIX igs. 28-29 ee ies Ie
One specimen was sent for examination. It had been captured at low tide on rocks at Kalk Bay.
The length of the animal was 4°7 cm. by a breadth of 1:5 and a height of 0-9 cm.; the diameter of the gill aperture was 3 mm., the height of the retracted gill 3 mm.; the breadth of the brim of the back 2°5 mm. ; the foot 8 mm. broad, its brim measured 2.—The back was of a brown colour, the whole of the under side whitish, and on the sides of the body were some scattered grayish brown spots (the colour rubbed off ?); the club of the rhinophores brownish, so, too, the rhachides of the gill-leaves. |
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 59
The form of the animal longish, somewhat narrow and depressed, the body quite smooth. The rhinophore-sheaths, immediately behind the anterior end of the proper back, about 1-5 mm. projecting, their opening obliquely truncate ; the rhinophores about 2 mm. high, the club perfoliated, the lamella rather numerous, thin. The gill rather contracted, composed of 8 tripinnate leaves, situated at the posterior end of the back. The tentacles short, as it were, refolded on the top. The foot rather narrow throughout its whole length, rounded before and behind ; the tail 3 mm. long, not extending beyond the back.
The central nervous system quite as in allied forms. The nearly sessile eyes of a diameter of 0°12 mm., with yellowlens. The otocysts a little larger. In the lamellee of the rhinophores no spicules, which are absent also in the skin of the body.
The whitish mouth tube rather long (5 mm.). The bulbus
pharyngeus short, clumsy, 4 mm. long, whitish; the labial disc covered over by a rather strong, bright yellowish cuticle; the rasp- sheath hardly prominent. The rasp bright yellowish, containing 9 series of tooth plates, in the short and thick sheath 20 series, of which two are not fully developed; the total number of series 29. In the series about 40 plates. The plates nearly colourless; the height of the three outermost 0:07—0:10—0:16, rising to 0°25 mm. farther inwards. The outermost tooth (fig. 29a) more erect, all the others of the common hook form (fig. 29); the innermost (fig. 28) with low hook, 0-07 mm. in height.
The yellow salivary glands about 10 mm. long, their posterior half very thin, folded in the middle.
The csophagus short, 2 mm. long. The stomach quite free, 13 mm. long by a diameter of 8, filled with yellowish animal matter of undeterminable nature. The intestine (26 mm. in length) running from the anterior end of the stomach straight backwards to the white conical anal papilla.
The posterior visceral mass (the liver) 20 mm. long by diameter of 7, the anterior end obliquely truncate, the posterior a little attenuated, roundish ; the colour of the surface yellowish white, with a number of groups of small white nodules (lobules of hermaphrodite gland) ; the liver substance more yellow. The pear-shaped gall-bladder 4 mm. long.
The reno-pericardial organ (renal syrinx) whitish, of a length of 2mm.
In the lobules of the hermaphrodite gland oogenous cells and bundles of zoosperms. The anterior genital mass white, somewhat compressed, 10 mm. long by a height of 4 and a breadth of 3 mm., rather hard and difficult to examine (fig. 1). The hermaphrodite
60 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Socvety.
duct forms a little coil of windings (fig. la). From the anterior of the mucous gland (fig. 1d) there issues a long, rather bent and particular organ (fig. 1cc) that opens in the vestibulum genitale * (fig. ld); the walls of this milk-white organ are rather thick, the cavity narrow (the prostatic part of a kind of vas deferens?). The globular spermatotheca (fig. le) of a diameter of 3:25 mm., at its side the much smaller pear-shaped spermatocyst. The efferent ducts of the genital system absolutely unarmed.
The systematic position of this form is very doubtful. It may, perhaps, be referred to the Chromodoridide and placed in the neighbourhood of Aphelodoris.
POROSTOMATA.
DORIOPSIDIDAL. R. Bergh, J.c., 1892, pp. 1114-1122.
I. DORIOPIS (Pease), Bgh.
1. D. capensis, Bgh. n. sp.
Limbus dorsalis serie macularum nigrarum ornatus. Pl. XTV,, ng.4.
One specimen of this form had been taken off Umlanga River mouth by shrimp-trawl.
It was rather contracted and somewhat bent, rather soft. The colour was yellowish white, but the brim of the back showed at the margin somewhat roundish black patches; the tip of the branchial leaves grayish. The length was about 18 mm. by a height of 6 and a total breadth of 11, of which 3 on each side belonged to the brim ; the breadth of the foot 7 mm., the brim 1:5 mm. broad, the length of the tail nearly 5 mm.; the diameter of the branchial star 7 mm., the length of the gill-leaves 3 mm.
The form was as in other Doriopsides; the brim of the even back very undulating; the rhinophores situated far forward, the gill far backward, consisting of 5 leaves ; tentacles were not visible; the tail of the foot not short, projecting behind the body proper.
The central nervous system whitish, of usual relations, the buccal ganglia situated between the salivary glands (gl. salivales). The very
* A small, roundish multicellular ganglion (genitale) was attached in the neighbourhood of the vestibulum.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 61
short-stalked eyes of a diameter of 0-10 mm. Hardened spicules were not found either in the lamelle of the club of the rhinophores or in the skin of the back.
The yellowish pharyngeal cone nearly 2 mm. long; at its base the secondary salivary gland (gl. ptyalina), consisting of two halves adjoining each other. The bulbus pharyngews, whose foremost end lies in the pharyngeal cone, as usual; at its hinder end the small oval salivary glands proper. The cesophagus thicker but shorter than the bulbus. The posterior visceral mass (liver) yellow, 8 mm. long by a breadth of 4, truncate in front, the slit (so characteristic in the Doriopsidee) in the hinder end, 3 mm. long.
The pericardium as usual ; the blood gland yellowish white.
The anterior genital mass somewhat compressed, 2°5 mm. long, whitish and white (the mucous gland). The glans penis provided in the usual way with the (quincuncial) series of hooks; the slightly yellowish hooks (fig. 4) relatively strong, of a height up to 0:035 mm., the armature continued up in the vas deferens only for a short distance.*
The Doriopsides vary very much in colouration; still, this form seems to represent a new species.
2. Dor. cALLosa, Bgh. n. sp. Pl. VIIL., figs. 1-4.
Two specimens were procured by dredge at ‘‘ Rocky Bank”’ in False Bay on rocky bottom in a depth of 17-27 fms.
One of them was 15 mm. long, the other 25 mm. by a breadth of 15 and a height of 6; the height of the rhinophores 2, the brim of the back 4°5 mm. broad, the diameter of the gill-aperture 3, the breadth of the foot 8 (of its brim 2).—The colour was whitish, the border of the back proper blackish, as also the fore-part of the back ; there were besides a few black patches spread over the back. The back proper showed, all over, long spicules shining through, crossing each other irregularly in all directions ; on the brim the spicula were more scattered, whiter, and mostly running transversely towards the margin. On the under side of the brim the radiation was less pronounced.
The form somewhat elongated; the white strongly foliated rhino-
* In the vagina of an individual of Platydoris arrogans I found the (torn out) penis of another individual (cf., my ‘‘ Malacol. Unters.,” ii. (Heft xii.), 1877, p- 517). Sometimes individuals of Doriopsides and Pryllidiide are seen, in which the armature of the penis is wanting.
62 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
phores standing quite anteriorly ; the back quite even, but with many small nodules at its junction with the margin. The gill-hole far behind, with prominent margin ; the number of leaves of the gill 6. The mouth a fine pore, no visible tentacles. The foot rounded in front, the tail short.
The central nervous system as usual; the buccal ganglia (fig. 4) much smaller than the salivary glands. The eyes 0:14 mm. in diameter, with large yellow lens; the otocysts 0:10 mm. in diameter, filled with otokonia. . The skin full of spicules of the most different sizes, form, and degree of calcification (fig. 3). The most of the long spicules of a diameter up to at least 0°05 mm., mostly smooth, some- times a little thorny, mostly clear, sometimes even blackish. In the interstitial tissue masses of spicules; as also in the axis of the rhino- phores, but almost none in the lamelle.
The mouth tube about 4 mm. long, white. The glandula ptyalina about 1 mm. broad, rather thick. The transparent bulbus pharyn- geus (fig. 4a) unusually, nearly 17 mm., long by a general diameter of 0-4 mm.; at its hinder end the salivary glands rather large (fig. 400). The cesophagus rather short and wide (fig. 4c) ; the intestine 6 mm. long. The liver a little flattened, in nearly its anterior half very compressed by the anterior genital mass, yellowish white, 10 mm. long by a breadth of 5, the cleft in the hinder end 1:5 mm. long.
The hermaphrodite gland clothing the largest part of the liver, of a similar colour, and with ripe genital elements in its lobules. The large anterior genital mass yellow and white, 6 mm. long by a height and breadth of 4. The form and the armature of the penis as usual (gst a2):
This form is specifically different from the D. sprculata.*
3. Doriopsis cassia, B. n. sp.
An individual was taken by dredge near Roman Rock Lighthouse (SH. 48., 14 miles) from a bottom of sand and shells in a depth of 10 fms. . |
The living animal is noted to have been “ bluish.” Preserved, it was whitish with the margin of the back more grayish, the rhino- phores yellowish. The length was 14 mm. by a breadth of 7-5 and a height of 4°5; the height of the rhinophores 2, the diameter of the gill 4, the breadth of the brim of the back 3, the breadth of the foot 3 mm.
* R. Bergh, Die Nacktschnecken der Siidsee. Journal d. Mus. Godeffroy, Heft xiv., 1878, p. 37. taf. u1., figs. 13-15.
The Opisthobranchata of South Africa. 63
The form of the body oval; the rhinophores rather large, the gill formed of 8 rather low (simply ?) pinnate leaves ; the back quite even with undulating broad brim, the frontal veil rather large. The animal did not at first sight look like a Doriopsis.
The central nervous system as usual.
The glandula ptyalina large, brownish. The bulbus pharyngeus with the gland. salivales (and the buccal ganglia) as usual, the more brownish cesophagus rather short. The liver dirty-yellowish, sausage- shaped, 6 mm. long by a breadth of 3, the cleft in the hinder end 3 mm. long.
In the lobes of the thin layer of the hermaphrodite gland ripe genital elements, the ampulla of its duct strong, yellowish white. The anterior genital mass 4 mm. long by a height of 3°5 and a thick- ness of 2°5. The penis whitish; the everted prominent glans of a diameter of 0°25 mm., covered with about 25 quincunx-series of hooks of a height up to 0°08; the armature continued for a short distance up into the vas deferens, where the number of series seemed to be smaller ; the hooks weaker, with larger basal part of a diameter of 0:04 mm.*
4. DoRIOPSIS, sp. Pl. VIIIL., figs. 5-6.
At Swart’ Klip (NE. 4 N. 1 mile) an individual was taken.by dredge from a depth of ten fms. and from a bottom of broken shells (November 17, 1902).
The contracted and very hardened specimen was 16 mm. long by a breadth of 6 and a height of 5, the breadth of the foot 5:5 and the length of the tail 5-5 mm.—The colour is now whitish, but had very likely been grayish, the back and the sides still retaining large patches of this colour; the rhinophores and the gill whitish.
The form as usual; the head rather large, the rhinophores with 10-12 strong lamelle, and a small papilla at the top; the back quite even ; the gill, standing nearly on the middle of the back, con- sisting of 6 pinnate leaves; the brim of the back as well as of the foot a little projecting; the whitish penis (fig. 5) projected as a cylinder of a height of 1 mm., and from its top the armed end of the vas deferens, 15 mm. long (figs. 5, 6): the tail prominent beyond the end of the back.
The central nervous system as in other Doriopsides.
* A dark-blue variety of the so varying D. nigra is known from the Southern Japanese Sea (R. Bergh, Beitr. zur Kenntniss d. Japan. Nudibranchien, I. Verh. d. k. k. Zool. Bot. Ges. in Wien, xxx., 1880, pp. 181-184).
64 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Soctety.
The bulbus pharyngeus, the cesophagus, and the gl. ptyalina as in other Doriopsides. The liver short-conical, truncate in front, the length 7 mm., the colour yellowish gray ; scarcely any fissure of the hinder end could be seen.
The everted part of the vas deferens (fig. 5) 0°14 mm. broad, showing 10-12 irregular quincunx series of thorns; these last a little bent, clear, colourless, mostly 0°02 mm. high (fig. 6).
DORIOPSILLA, B. R. Bergh, System, l.c., 1892, p. 1123 ;—.c., 1905, pp. 178-180.
DoRIOPSILLA CAPENSIS, B. n. sp. Pl Vas hoa i.
Along with Doris perplexa a specimen of this form was procured by large trawl at Cape St. Blaize.
The rather stiff specimen measured 15 mm. in length bya breadth of 10 and a height of 7; the breadth of the nearly straight brim of the back was 2 mm., that of the foot 9. It was uniformly coloured whitish, the nodules of the back white.
The form as usual; the back covered all over with small rounded nodules; the gill situated far behind, formed of six leaves of the height of 2 mm.
The central nervous system as usual, the buccal ganglia seemed to be situated in its immediate neighbourhood. The eyes were somewhat flattened, of a diameter of about 0°25 mm. The back filled full of calcified cells, groups of cells, and spicules proper (of a diameter up to 0°06 mm.).
The gl. ptyalina white, flattened, 3 mm. broad. The very thin bulbus pharyngeus nearly 4 mm. long, the gl. salivales as usual, the cesophagus very short.
The large intestinal mass (liver) 10 mm. long by a breadth of 6; the length of the cleft in the hinder end 1:75 mm. The dirty-yellow liver on its sides for a breadth of 3 mm. covered by the transverse, yellowish white bands of the hermaphrodite gland, in its lobes ripe genital elements. The anterior genital mass meniscus-shaped, 6 mm. long, whitish, and dirty yellowish. The penis as usual, the diameter of the glans (fig. 7) at its point 0-10 mm. ; the hooks small, reaching a height of 0:013 mm.
At South Head (HK. by 8S. 4 5., 25 miles) nine individuals of probably the same animal were caught by shrimp-trawl from a depth of 190 fms. with a bottom of green sand and black specks.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 65
The (five) specimens sent, very hardened, varied in size from 17 to 23mm. The largest was 12 mm. broad by a height of 7, the brim of the back 4 mm. broad, the breadth of the foot 7, the 6 gill-leaves 3mm. high. The colour as above. Two individuals showed a few roundish small patches on the back. |
The skin of the back quite as above. So, too, the thin bulbus pharyngeus. The liver sausage-shaped, 8 mm. long by a breadth of 5, the cleft in the hinder end 2°5 mm. long.
DORIDIDH PHANEROBRANCHIATAL. R. Bergh, System, l.c., 1892, pp. 1129-1160.
Dor. PHANEROBR. NON SUCTORIZ 8S. POLYCERID. R. Bergh, J.c., pp. 1133-1147.
TRIOPA, Johnston.
Johnston, Miscell. Zool. Ann. of Nat. H., 1, 1838, p. 123.
R. Bergh, On the nudibr. gaster. Moll. of the North Pacific Oc., li. (Dall, Se. res. of the explor. of Alaska, ii.), 1880, pl. xiii. (v.), figs. 15-20; pl. xiv. (vi.), figs. 21-22; pl. xv. (vii), figs. 12-13.—System d. nudibranch. Gasteropoden., l.c., 1892, p- 1139; l.c., 1905, pp. 185-187.
Corpus vix depressum ; limbus frontalis angustior cirrhis granu- losis ornatus, margo dorsalis cirrhis subclavatis instructus ; rhino- phoria retractilia clavo perfoliato; branchia paucifoliata foliolis tripinnatis ; tentacula sat brevia obtusa canaliculata.
Armatura labialis et malaris nulla. Radula sat angusta rhachide nuda; pleuris dentibus lateralibus duobus majoribus et serie dentium externorum quorum modo intimus hamo rudimentario preeditus.
Glans penis armata.
The rather narrow frontal brim is provided with somewhat granular appendages, and the margin of the back with more club- shaped ones; the gill is formed of a few (3-5) tripinnate leaves. The lip disc is clothed with a simple cuticle. The rasp of the tongue not broad ; the rhachis naked; the pleure contain two large lateral plates and a series of smaller flattened plates. The glans of the penis armed with series of hooks.
Some few species of the genus are known .—
1. Tr. clavigera (O. Fr. Miller). M. Atlant., Mediterr, 5
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2. Tr. lucida, Stimpson.
M. capense.
3. Tr. Cataline, Cooper. M. Pacific.
4. Tr. Yates1, Angas. M. Pacific.
d. Tr. longicornes, B. M. Indic.
6. Tr. (?) gracilis, Pease. M. Paczfic.
Clr Oasis: I M. Indic.
TRIOPA LUCIDA, Stimpson.
Stimpson, Descr. of some new Marine Invertebrata. Proc. of the Ac. of Nat. Se. of Philadelphia, vii., 1856, p. 388.
Pl. XII, figs. 6-7.
One specimen was sent, procured near Tugela River mouth, along with Idaliella amenula.
The animal is now of a uniform whitish colour.* The length is 9 mm., by a breadth of the body proper of 3:5 and a height of 3; the length of the papille of the back reaching up to 3 mm., that of the leaves of the gill 2°5; the breadth of the foot 4 mm.
The head with perpendicular mouth; the tentacles truncate, somewhat folded up. The frontal brim rather narrow with 8 appendages of different sizes, the highest somewhat nodular in their upper half. The margin of the back otherwise not project- ing, but rising through its whole length in club-shaped appendages, on each side 15-17 (Stimpson mentions a number of about 40 in all). The clubs (fig. 6) mostly of about the same size, slightly nodular (in their upper half), the lower half stuffed with long strong spicules, and in the point of the club a roundish bag.t The back smooth ; the gill consisting of 3 strong, quite separate leaves, of which the lateral are bifid; the anal papilla as usual. The sides of the body rather high. ‘The foot at least as broad as the body proper.
The intestines shone dark-grayish through the foot.—The nervous system as in the typical species. The short-stalked eyes of a
* According to Stimpson the ‘‘ colour is uniform transparent white, except that the tentacles, branchie, and appendages are all of yellowish colour towards their extremities. Length O0'8 inch. Simon’s Bay, Cape.”
+ Cf. Bergh, Polyceraden, J.c., ii., 1881, p. 642.—Bergh, Alaska (Dall), ii. 1880, p. 264, pl. xiii., figs. 16-17.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 67
diameter of 0:075 mm.; the otocysts of a diameter of 0:08 mm., filled with otokonia of a diameter up to 0:009 mm. ‘The skin of the back, the appendages of the back and the stalk of the rhinophores (but not the lamellz) full of very long, very hardened spicules of a diameter up to 0'035 mm. The interstitial connective tissue filled with spicules.
The bulbus pharyngeus scarcely 1 mm. in length; the hardened state of the organ did not permit a thorough examination. The lip dise only clothed with a thin cuticle. The number of rows of tooth- plates altogether perhaps about 55, on the outside of the lateral plates about 15 outer. The plates were nearly colourless; the length of the second lateral plate was 0:06 mm., that of the first of the outer plates 0:037, of the outermost 0'029 mm. The first and second lateral plates (fig. 7ab) as formerly described * in 7’. clavigera, so too the outer plates (fig. 7c).
The posterior visceral mass grayish brown, the anterior genital mass whitish. The armature of the glans was not seen.
The form here examined is no doubt the Tr. lucida of Stimpson, which hitherto was only known from his imperfect description.
NEMBROTHA, Bgh.
R. Bergh, System der nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden, J.c., 1892, pp. 1144-1145.—Die Opisthobranchiata d. Siboga Exped., 1905, pp. 194-202.
Corpus lmaciforme, fere leve ; rhinophoria retractilia clavo per- foliato ; branchia in medio fere dorsi sita, paucifoliata, folios bi- vel tripinnatis ; tentacula brevia lobiformia ; podarium angustius.
Armatura labialis debilis vel nulla. Radula non lata; rhachis dente subquadrato applanato; pleurz dente laterali (primo) falci- formi et dentibus externis compluribus depressis simplicibus.
Glandula hermaphrodisiaca hepate connata; prostata nulla; glans penis aculeis vel hamis armata.
Outwardly the Nembrothz are not always easily to be distin- guished from the Trevelyane ; the nwmber of their branchial leaves is smaller than in this genus, but the anatomy shows very important differences. The nature of the rasp is very different; and the her- maphrodite gland clothes (as common in other allied forms) the liver ; there exists no special prostata, and the (glans) penis is armed.
* R. Bergh, Beitr. zu einer Monogr. d. Polyceraden, ii. Verh. d. k.k. zool. bot. Ges. in Wien, xxx., 1881, p. 643. taf. xiii., fig. 9a); taf, xiv., figs. 2-3.
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A small number of species is known hitherto, excepting the N. gratiosa of the Mexican Gulf,* only from the Philippine Seas (Cap) and the Pacific Ocean.
1. N. mgerrima, Bgh. 2. N. Kubaryana, B. 3. N. diaphana, B. 4. N. gracilis, B. 5. N. morosa, B. 6. N. cristata, B. 7. N. gratoosa, B. 8. N. rubropapulosa, B. (Siboga). 9. N. leneolata, B. (Siboga). 10. N. Ametina, B. (Siboga). 11. N. capensis, Bgh. n. sp. 12. N. sp. (Sempert, B.). 13. N. (2) rubro-ocellata, B. (Siboga). 14. N. (?) Hdwardsz (Angas).
NEMBROTHA CAPENSIS, Bgh. n. sp. POX figs e— ii,
Of this form I had three specimens to examine, procured at rocks, Kalk Bay.
The two larger were examined by dissection, more particularly the largest. When alive the colour was “ dark blue.”
The length of the specimens was 3°8-4:°2 and 67cm. The latter, the largest, had a height of 2 cm. at the gill, which was about 8 mm. high ; the breadth 1:2 cm., that of the back proper 1:1; the breadth of the foot 7 mm., the height of the club of the rhinophores 4 mm.
The colour was uniformly deep blackish blue; the sole of the foot somewhat yellowish white.
The form of the animal, as usual in the Nembrothe, rather com- pressed. The short tentacles, as it were, refolded on the top; the sheath of the rhinophores somewhat prominent, the club of the conical rhinophores with about 30 lamelle and a black terminal papilla. The true back limited by a low brim; the gill situated before the middle of the back, the number of the gill-leaves 7, their form as usual. The anal papilla completing the gill ring 1°75 mm. high. The foot as usual in the Nembrothe.
* R. Bergh, Rep. on the Nudibranchs (Blake Expedition). Bull. of the Mus. of Comparative Zodlogy of Harvard College xix., 3, 1890, pp. 172-175. taf. ii., figs. 1-5; taf. iii., figs. 1-4.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 69
The central nervous system as usual. The diameter of the almost sessile eyes 0°10 mm.; neither in the rhinophorial lamelle nor in the skin were spicules seen.
The short mouth tube with the inside black. The clumsy bulbus pharyngeus (fig. 8) oval in circumference, with a breadth and height of 4 mm.,of a length of 6, the rasp-sheath moreover projected 2 mm. ; the labial disc yellowish white, the perpendicular mouth downwards, with strong grayish folds; the cheeks clothed with an especially downwards strong grayish cuticle. On the upper side of the bulbus the rather narrow palate shone blackish through, on each side accompanied by a strong yellowish or grayish white glandular mass (fig. 8). The rasp of the tongue yellow, containing (in the two speci- mens) 12 series of tooth-plates, in the sheath moreover 10-12 series, of which the two hindermost were not quite developed; the total number of series being thus 22-24. The median and outer plates yellow; the large lateral ones colourless, transparent; the breadth of the median plates 0°56 mm., the length of the lateral about 1 mm.; the plates, especially the lateral, were very hard. The median plates (fig. 9) of usual form, but scarcely with any thickening of the foremost edge; the lateral (figs. 10-12) very clumsy, broad, some- what bent, with short simple hook; the number of outer plates was 5 (rather seldom 6), their form (figs. 13, 14) as usual.
Salivary glands of the usual kind were wanting, being represented by the glandular masses on the upper side of the bulbus pharyngeus.
The cesophagus rather short. The zntestene rose to the surface of the. hinder visceral mass (liver) at about the limit of its first and second third, made some large windings on the upper and right side of the genital mass, and ran on the right side of the liver to the black anal papilla; the whole length about 5 cm. by a nearly constant diameter of 2°25 mm.
The posterior visceral mass yellowish gray, 15-17 mm. long by diameters of 10-9, with rounded anterior and posterior end; the cavity of the diver (stomach) rather large, its substance somewhat more grayish than the surface, which was nearly quite covered by the thin yellowish layer of the groups of lobules of the hermaphro- dite gland. The whole of the digestive tract was quite empty.
The blood gland blue, of oval form, 3°5-5:5 mm. long, rather thick, composed of quite-small lobules; fixed to the bend of the intestine.
In the lobules of the hermaphrodite gland ripe sexual elements, The anterior genital mass pear-shaped, narrower towards the anterior end, 8 mm. long by a height and a breadth of 6-7; the connected efferent ducts projected moreover 3 mm., were black on
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the outside and inside. The whitish seminal duct making several windings, when unrolled 2°5 cm. long, continued in the blackish penis sack (preeputium) of a length of 4 mm., the inside of this with fine longitudinal folds, at its base the small glans. This last has the usual armature of (quincuncial) series of slightly yellowish hooks (fig. 15) rising to a height of 0:02 mm., the armature continued for a short distance up in the seminal duct. The spermatotheca (fig. 16a) globular, of a diameter of 2-3 mm., greenish blue on account of its dark contents (of usual kind); the spermatocysta (fig. 165) smaller, whitish, pear-shaped, containing zoosperms. The mucous and albu- minous gland whitish and white; into the anterior end opened a thin-walled bag (vestibular gland ?) (fig. 17) of the length of 4-5 mm. the inside of which showed closely set fine reticular folds.
The whole of the intestines was wrapt up in a loose, somewhat felt-hke, colourless connective tissue, and the different parts of the intestines were connected by a similar substance.
The form here examined is certainly new ; it approaches perhaps nearest to the N. diaphana of the Pacific Ocean (Aibukit).* Regard- ing the salivary glands and the presence of a vestibular bag, it seems to differ from the hitherto known species of the genus.
EUPLOCAMUS, Phil.
Huplocamus, Phil., Enum. moll. Sic., i. 1836, p. 103.
Kaloplocanus, Bgh., Beitr. zu einer Monogr. d. Polyceraden, 1. Verh. d. k.k. zool. bot. Ges. in Wien, xxix., 1880, p. 623 (27).+
EHuplocamus, Phil. R. Bergh, System d. nudibranch. Gasteropoden, US Vinee 185 IANS),
Corpus nonnihil elongatum, vix depressum ; margo frontalis sicut margo dorsalis appendicibus arborescentibus ornati; rhinophoria retractilia, clavo elongato perfoliato ; branchia paucifoliata, foliolis tripinnatis ; tentacula auriformia; podarium sat forte.
Lamelle mandibulares valid, e baculis minutis dense confertis composite. Radula latiuscula; rhachis nuda; pleure dentibus lateralibus majoribus hamatis quasi cochleariformibus tribus vel duobus et serie dentium externorum minorum, applanatorum breviori vel longiori (5-35).
Prostata magna, spermatothecam et spermatocystam amplectens ; glans penis armata.
* Lc. xi., 1877, pp. 454-457. taf. lv., figs. 15-16 ; taf. lvi., figs. 6-10. + The generic name had been employed by Latreille (1809) for a Lepidopteron, somewhat later (1838) by Temminck for a fowl,
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. (al
The frontal margin as well as the dorsal is provided with fine arborescent tufts, in the former more numerous, in the latter fewer in number. The retractile rhinophores with very perfoliate club. The gill composed of a few (5) tripinnate leaves. The tentacles ear- shaped ; the foot rather well developed..
The strong mandibles formed of closely set fine staffs. The radula not narrow; the rhachis naked ; the pleuree with a few (3) strong hook-shaped lateral plates and a series of (5-35) rather flattened outer plates. The prostata large, embracing the two seminal bags; the glans armed.
The Euplocami form a transition link between the Polyceree and the Plocamopheri, being more closely allied to the latter.
Only some few species are known, the validity of which even is not quite established :—
1. EH. croceus, Phil. M. Medtterr. Var. Atlantica, Bgh. M. Atlantec. Var. capensis, Bgh. M. Capense. 2. H. japonicus, Bgh. M. Japon. 3. H. pacificus, Bgh. M. Pacztfic.
E.. crocevs, Phil., var. CAPENSIS. Pl. XIL., figs. 18-24.
Four specimens of this form were sent for examination, procured off Great Fish Lighthouse, off Cape Hangklip, and off Cape Point Lighthouse.
When alive they were of a “ greenish colour with small red spots.”
They closely resembled each other, and had a length of 30-35 mm. They are now of a whitish colour, but the best preserved and the largest of them showed the gill reddish yellow, so too the arbores- cences of the frontal and lateral appendages; moreover, small reddish yellow spots were sparsely scattered over the back and on the sides of the body. In all the specimens fine white points, some- times a little prominent, appeared on the body, and, in all, the intestines shone blackish through the right side of the body.
Two individuals were dissected.
In the largest individual (35 mm. long) the diameter of the frontal veil with its arborescences was 25 mm., the height of these last rose
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to 8 mm.; the breadth of the back between the lateral arbusculi was 13 mm., the height of these rose to 11; the height of the body proper 13 mm.; the height of the rhinophores was 10, the length of the gill-leaves 7 mm.; the breadth of the head with the tentacles 16 mm., of the tentacles themselves 5; the breadth of the foot in front 15, that of the brim 3, the tail 6 mm. long.
The form of the animal as in other Euplocamis; the strongly developed, rather large, somewhat curved frontal veil had in all the specimens 8 arborescences, of which the outermost was a little larger. The head rather broad with ear-like tentacles (fig. 18); in the largest individual the mouth tube was inverted and the bulbus pharyngeus projected to a length of 6 mm. ‘The sheath of the rhinophores low, in one specimen the organs were nearly quite retracted ; the stalk was a third of the height of the whole organ ; the club with about 40 lamella and short end papilla. The back somewhat convex, smooth, sloping backwards; from the narrow brim projected, at somewhat equal intervals on either side, in all individuals, 4 strong arborescent appendages, the first near the rhinophore, the last at the root of the tail. They were of the usual form (fig. 19), mostly tripinnate, the branchlets mostly more or less pointed ; the mostly somewhat lower frontal arborescent tufts of the same nature as the dorsal. The gill formed of 5 sometimes bifid tripinnate leaves, situated at about the last third of the length of the animal. The truncate anal papilla 1-5 mm. high; at its root to the right the fine renal pore. The sides of the body smooth ; the genital papilla in one individual contracted, in the other the everted penis with its preeputium projected 7 mm. (fig. 20), and from its point also the armature of the seminal duct to a length of 0°5 mm. (with a diameter of 0:12). The foot not narrower than the back; the anterior margin straight with a simple furrow; the tail with a slight crest with small arborescent tufts.
The nervous system nearly quite as formerly described * in the Eupl. croceus, Phil. The lamelle of the club of the rhinophores had no calcified cells nor had their stalk, and in the skin of the back only few and small, never true spicules.
The mouth tube 4 mm. long, wide. The whitish bulbus pharyngeus 65-7 mm. long by a breadth of 5°5-6°5 and a height of 5°75, its form and structure quite agreeing with that of the H. croceus.t The yellow mandibular plates (fig. 21) 3 mm. long, somewhat longer than in the typical form, otherwise as in this, as also its structure ; the diameter of its elements 0°005 mm.{ The rather broad, some-
* Cf. L.c., i., 1880, pp. 628-629. taf. xii., figs. 10, 11; taf. xiii., fig. 3. + Cf. l.c., pp. 6380-631, t Cf..l.c., p. 680,
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 73
what depressed, whitish tongue with a deep cleft for the yellowish or yellow radula (as far as could be determined by the nearly cartilagi- nous state of hardening of the bulbus); the rasp contained about 17 rows of plates, in the sheath moreover about 13, the total number of rows being thus about 30. On each side of the rather broad naked rhachis 3 strong lateral plates and a series of outer plates. The plates were yellowish ; the length of the first lateral plate was (in a straight line) 0-40 mm., that of the first of the outer plates 0-20, of the last mostly 0-10 mm. The three lateral plates (fig. 22) as in the typical species,* as also the outer ones (fig. 22a), whose number rose to at least 22.
The salivary glands (12-138 mm.) long, rather thin, somewhat uneven, yellowish white, running along the cesophagus to the anterior end of the liver.
The esophagus 5 mm. long. The stomach 8-9 mm. long by a diameter of 4-5, entering a little to the left in the cleft on the under side of the anterior end of the liver. The zntestone under the gill rising to the surface somewhat to the left in the deep furrow of the liver, running forwards along the left side of the liver, with its bend overlying the stomach and anterior genital mass, and running back- wards to the anal papilla; the length of the intestine 4—4°5 cm., the diameter 25-4 mm. The contents of the alimentary tract, especially of the intestine, blackish, consisting chiefly of pieces of different Bryozoa, fine sand particles and different spicula.
The posterior visceral mass (liver) 16-18 mm. long by a height and breadth of 11, yellowish, rounded behind; with a rather deep cavity on the right side of the anterior end for the pylorus and the anterior genital mass, and an oblique transverse furrow on the upper side from the region of the gill. The substance of the liver yellow, contrasting with the enveloping whitish hermaphrodite gland; the cavity small. No gall-bladder could be seen.
The pericardium, the blood gland, the kidney, and the pericardio- renal organ as formerly described. t
The whitish hermaphrodite gland forms a rather (2—2°5 mm.) thick layer ; in its lobules ripe genital elements. The hermaphrodite duct with its ampulla as formerly described.| The anterzor genital mass large, angularly rounded, of a diameter (in the two individuals) of 9-12 mm., whitish. The largest part of this is formed by the large prostata (with the spermatotheca); this mass is short and pear- shaped, 8-9 mm. long by a diameter of 3°5 and 6; the gland quite envelops the spermatotheca, only leaving its neck free. The sper- matotheca pear-shaped, 7 and 7°5 mm. long by diameter of 3 and 5 ;
* Ch. Le:, p. 632: fOr. ic. 1880) ps 634. t Cf. U.c., 1880, p. 635,
74 = Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
the small spermatocysta also pear-shaped, of a length of 2-5-3 mm., in both individuals lying quite free at the neck of the spermato- theca. From the prostata issues the sperm duct, whose prostatic part forms a little bundle of windings and then passes into the strong muscular part ; this last has a length of 2-75-83 cm., and was continued as the somewhat thicker penis of a length of 2:25-3 mm. The glans was in the two individuals quite everted (fig. 20), in one drawn back in the sheath (preeputium) (fig. 23); the anterior part (about 2 mm.) of the seminal duct showed on its inside out to its mouth on the glans (fig. 23) a clothing with rows of hooks; the diameter of this clothed part was then 0:08 mm., and the end of it was (as often in the Polyceride) (fig. 23) everted. The hooks were colourless, of usual form, of a height up to 0-02 mm. (fig. 24). The albumino-mucous gland as usual.
The differences in outer form and anatomical structure from the typical species does not seem to me to be of sufficient value to justify the establishment of a new species. I regard the form examined as a variety of the H. croceus of the Mediterranean (and perhaps of the Atlantic) Sea.
An additional specimen captured off the Tugela River mouth showed some differences in its habitus, but certainly belonged to the same species.
This specimen had a length of 20 mm. by a breadth of the back proper of 6 and a height of 7mm. The frontal veil showed 6 arbor- escences, and the back on either side 5 arbuscular appendages ; the gill had the usual 5 leaves.
The whitish bulbus pharyngeus 3:5 mm. long by a height and a breadth of 3; the yellow mandibular plates as above. On the tongue 13 series of tooth-plates; in the rasp-sheath 9, the total number of series being thus 22; the plates as above, the number of outer plates as much as 18. ‘The length of the first lateral plate was nearly 0-40 mm., that of the third 0°35; that of the outermost of outer plates 0:075-0-10-0:12, that of the innermost 0:16 mm.
The penis projected just as above.
KALINGA, Ald. et Hane. Alder and Hancock, Notice of a Coll. of Nudibr. Moll. Trans. Zool. Soe., v., 3, 1864, pp. 134-136, pl. xxxii., figs. 7-10. R. Bergh, Malacolog. Unters., iii. (Heft xvii.). 1890, pp. 959-962. taf. Ixxxviii., figs. 19-20; taf. Ixxxix., figs. 46-47.
Corpus ovale, postice rotundatum, brevicaudatum ; limbus fron-
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 70
talis sat angustus, digitatus, digitis papilligeris; margo dorsalis digitis similibus sed majoribus, parcis ornatus ; rhinophoria retrac- tilia, clavo perfoliato ; branchia paucifoliata, e foliis magnis, omnino discretis, in orbem dispositis, tri- vel quadripinnatis composita ; tentacula a lateribus disci oralis auriculatim soluta; podarium magnum, dorso latius.
Armatura labialis nulla. Radula seriebus confertis numerosis e dentibus uniformibus minutissimis et numerosissimis formata.
Prostata magna. Glans penis aculeis armata.
Body rather clumsy, oval, subangular, rounded behind ; the back somewhat narrower than the foot, the frontal margin with a row of closely set papillated processes, the lateral with a few similar but larger appendages; the perfoliated rhinophores retractile within sheaths; the (oral) tentacles short, flattened; the branchia (non- retractile) formed of few (5) quadripinnate, large plumes, each standing separately (as in Hexabranchus) surrounding the vent. -The foot very strong, larger than the back, and, like it, on the back covered with tubercles.
The lip disc clothed by a simple cuticle, without particular arma- ture. The rasp shows many closely set series of tooth-plates, the number of plates in the series very great; the plates uniform, very small and with tricuspid hook.*
A large prostatic gland exists. The glans penis armed with thorns.
Only one species of the genus is hitherto known.
KALINGA oRNATA, A. et H.
Alder and Hancock, J.c., 1864. pl. xxxii., figs. 7-10. R. Bergh, l.c., 1890, pp. 959-962.
Pl. XITI., figs. 1-5.
Two large specimens were captured off Amatikulu Conical Hill by shrimp-trawl; both were dissected. When alive the colour of the animals was a ‘light flesh or hght brown.”
The length of the individuals was 7°5 and 9:5 cm. by a breadth of 4°5 and 6 and a height of 2°5 and 2°7 cm.; the breadth of the back proper was 3-2 and 3°8 cm., its brim projected 7 mm., and the height of the (5) larger marginal papille reached up to 15 and 17 mm.; the length of the gill-leaves was 15-20 mm., the anal papilla pro- jected 5 mm. ; the height of the rhinophores 7 mm. ; the breadth of
* The specimen formerly examined by me had been taken by angling, and the anterior viscera were torn out,
76 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
the head disc with the tentacles 3 and 2 cm. by a height of 1 and 0:5.
The ground colowr of the back seemed to be grayish white, but the tubercles and cones whiter with mostly crimson top ; the margin of the rhinophore sheaths crimson, the club of these organs reddish with crimson tip; the larger marginal and (2) posterior papille, as well as some of the smaller, crimson coloured, sometimes with yellowish tip ; the rhachides of the gill-leaves and their ends of the same colour; the margin of the anal papilla crimson. The whole of the under side of the body grayish white ; but the sides of the body (foot) as well as the tail showed here and there the tips of the tubercles crimson coloured. The consistence of the animal some- what coriaceous, but still rather soft.
The posterior part somewhat convex, covered all over with rather closely set, soft papille or tubercles of roundish form and very different size, reaching a diameter of 4 mm. and sometimes of the same height, they very often rise in a central (contractile) pointed cone (fig. 1); the sides of the body (foot) and the tail are covered with similar tubercles, but the cones are less pronounced. The anterior convex margin of the back with about 12 whitish, unequal, somewhat branched and papillated appendages, between which there are here and there small cones; this row ends on either side with a somewhat larger papilla of crimson colour; the under side of this frontal brim even. The lateral brim of the back bears at irregular intervals 5 larger conical appendages covered all over with small papillae ; behind the gill, at the end of the back proper, two similar appendages. The brim of the rhinophore-sheath carries a row of small papillated appendages; the strong club with about 30 thin lamelle on either side. The diameter of the whole some- what flattened gill was greater than that of the back; every one of the (5) gill trees consisting of (4—) 5 diverging tripinnate or quadri- pinnate leaves. In the middle of the interbranchial area the truncate anal papilla (standing about at the limit of the second and last third of the back), and at its base to the right the renal pore. The head disc rather broad, somewhat semilunar; the mouth perpendicular ; the free auricular parts of the tentacles short. In front at the base of the marginal brim of the back the genital papilla. The foot large, with a marginal transverse furrow in front, the border every- where with small arborescent appendices.
The walls of the cavity of the body very thick.
The central nervous system of a breadth of 4:5 mm., whitish, wrapt up in a covering of closely attached connective tissue ; the different ganglia could not easily be separated; the nerve-cells of a
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. a
diameter up to 0°25 mm.; gastro-cesophageal ganglia were wanting as in the allied genera, (Nembrotha) Huplocamus and Plocamopherus.
The nearly sessile eyes of a diameter of 0°12 mm.; the otocysts a little larger. In the lamelle of the club of the rhinophores no spicula, which were almost absent in the skin (as in allied genera).
The whitish mouth tube 8 mm. long, its inside more grayish. The strong bulbus pharyngeus whitish, red or crimson on the out- side and inside of the palate, the pharyngeal region and the cheeks and roof of the rasp-sheath (tectum radule); the length 17 and 22 mm. by a height of 13 and 26 and a breadth of 15 and 22 mm. ; the lip dise and partly the inner mouth clothed with a whitish, downwards grayish cuticle; on the hinder end of the bulb pro- jected the rounded head of the two lingual masses, and between and before them the short and not large rasp-sheath plunges. Against the white tongue contrasted the brownish gray rasp; that on the upper side (and quite in the same way in both specimens) appeared (fig. 2) as a rather broad wall; the length of this part was in the largest specimen 16 mm. by a breadth of 8, the anterior end was for a length of 10 mm. continued at the under side of the tongue ; the hindermost part of the rasp was sunk in a valley and then backwards and downwards continued in the rasp-sheath. This last (16 mm. long) was a gray, rather thick-walled, compressed, longitudinally wrinkled bag, whose cavity showed the close set series of tooth-plates. The rhachidial part of the rasp seemed not quite narrow. The number of series of plates in the radula more than 100, and that of plates in the series scarcely less than a couple of hundreds. The series were for a great part rubbed off. The tooth-plates (figs. 3, 4) yellowish, uniform, small, the length of the body about 0:08 mm., the height of the hook about 0-075; the hook with two larger and a smaller lateral denticle.* Some few of the hinder series in the rasp-sheath were not fully developed. The state of conservation did not permit a more detailed examination.
The salivary glands about 3 cm. long, in their first fourth of a diameter of 2 mm., elsewhere thinner.
The esophagus of crimson colour, contrasting against the grayish stomach, 15 and 17 mm. long by diameter of 10-15, marked off from the stomach by a slight constriction. The stomach broader in front, 18 and 26 mm. long by diameter of 13 and 11, entering in the trans- verse furrow of the liver to the right. On the inside of the esophagus and the stomach fine longitudinal folds; the cavity empty. The wmtestine appears in the neighbourhood of the pylorus, runs to the
* Alder and Hancock (l.c., p. 134) mention the tricuspid character of the tooth- plates.
78 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Soctety.
left through the transverse and link furrow of the liver, then for- wards, forming a bend on the upper side of the anterior genital mass, then runs backwards to the anal papilla; the length of the intestine 6 and 10 cm. by diameter of 7 and (38-) 5 mm.; the yellowish gray and blackish contents of the intestine were more or less crumbled animal substances filled with spicules, perhaps of Holothuria. The posterior visceral mass (lwver) on the surface yellowish white, 3 and 3-5 cm. long by a breadth of 1:7 and 2:3 and a height of 1:3 and 2cm.; the mass was rounded behind and before, the anterior half a little lower; a transverse furrow divides the mass on its upper side into two parts of nearly equal size; it is continued along the left side to the anterior end; the substance of the liver dirty yellow ; the cavity rather small.
The pericardium large, 28 mm. broad by a length of 22; the ventricle of the heart 11 mm. long by a breadth of 9. The blood gland whitish, thin, of oval form, 17 mm. long by a breadth of 9, lying to the right within the genuflection of the intestine. The reno-pericardial organ whitish, flattened, 4 mm. broad; its duct 20 mm. long.
The hermaphrodite gland nearly clothing the whole liver with a whitish layer 2-4 mm. thick; in its lobules ripe sexual elements. The antercor genital mass (in the larger individual) 2°8 cm. long by a height of 2°2 and a breadth of 1:5; the efferent ducts moreover projecting 1cm. The hermaphroditic duct forming a longish bunch of coils on the left side of the hindermost part of the genital mass. The spermatotheca is a long grayish pyriform bag of the length of 2 cm. by a diameter of 1; the vaginal duct about 4 cm. long, the vagina somewhat wider; the uterine duct 16 mm. long; somewhat about its middle hangs the small pyriform spermatocyst of a length of 4 mm., its duct about twice as long as the organ itself. The muscular first part of the seminal duct short, passing into the white, compressed prostatic part, that projects in a stronger, short con- tinuation, ending in a strong, nearly globular ampulla of a length of 10 mm. by a diameter of 8; the continuation forwards nearly 2 cm. long. In the last lies the glans penis ; its anterior end is somewhat leaf-like, it is entirely covered with yellow pointed thorns (fig. 5) of a length up to 0:12 mm.; irregular forms are rather often seen. The muco-albuminous gland very large, yellowish white and white. In the vestibulum opens a brownish, rounded gland 7 mm. in diameter.*
* The state of conservation of the anterior genital mass was not good.
The condition of the vas deferens was as formerly represented by me (Cf. l.c., taf. lxxxiv., figs. 46-47).
The smaller individual showed the whole genital apparatus less developed ; on the glans penis no armature could be detected.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 79
Dor. PHANEROBR. NON SUCTORIZ 8. GONIODORIDIDH. R. Bergh, System, l.c., 1892, pp. 1147-1157.
IDALIA, F. 8. Leuckart.
F. 8. Leuckart, Br. animal. quor. descript. 1828, p. 15, fig. 2ad.
R. Bergh, Ub. die Gatt. Idalia, Leuck. Arch. f. Naturg. xlvii, 1, 1881, pp. 140-181 ; taf. vi-viii—System d. Nudibr. Gasterop., l.c., 1892, pp. 1155-1156.
Forma corporis sat alta. Notzum proprium sat applanatum cirrhis paucis seriatis vel omnino leve, margine prominente cirri- gero. Rhinophoria juxta-marginalia non retractilia. Branchia postica, e foliis simpliciter pinnatis, in arcum dispositis formata. Podarium sat latum, cauda applanata continuatum.
Discus labialis annulo angusto hamulorum seriatim dispositorum armatus vel utrinque lamina mandibulari elementis similibus formata. Radula angusta; rhachide nuda, pleuris dente majori hamiformi et externo lamelliformi instructis——Ingluvies buccalis fortis, fere
. sessilis.
Prostata magna; glans penis hamulis armata.
The form of the Idaliz is somewhat distinctive, not depressed. The rather flat back proper shows some cirrhi set in series or is quite smooth; the margin projecting, somewhat turned up and furnished with a series of cirrhi. The rhinophores stand apart from each other anteriorly, not retractile, with perfoliated club. The gill standing rather backwards, consisting of simple pinnate leaves quite distinct from one another, set in the form of an arch. The foot is rather large, continued in a short tail_—The bulbus pharyngeus with a strong suctorial crop; the lip dise of the bulbus proper provided with an armature of densely set small hooks or with mandibular plates. The radula is narrow; the rhachis narrow, naked ; the pleuree contain a very large compressed upright lateral plate with plain or finely denticulated hook, and an outer small lamelliform plate.—The prostata is rather large; the glans penis armed with hooks.
The genus is divided into two subgenera :
1. IDAuIA (proprie). Not#um medium cirrhigerum. Discus labialis annulo hamigero instructus. 1. Id. elegans, Leuck. M. Atlantic., Mediterraneum.
80 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
92. Id. Leachu, Ald. et Hane.
M. Atlantic., Mediterraneum. 3. Id. Mediterranea, Jher.
M. Mediterranewm. 4. Id. tentaculata, Stimpson.
M. Chinense.
2. IpALIELLA, Beh.
R. Bergh, /.c., 1881, p. 145. Not#wum medium leve. Discus labialis lamellis mandibularibus instructus. : 1. Id. aspersa, A. et H. M. Atlantic. 2. Id. pulchella, A. et H. M. Atlantre. 3. Id. mequalis, Forb. et Hanley. M. Atlant. 4. Id. amenula, B. M. capense.
IDALIELLA AMGNULA, Bgh. n. sp.
Color generalis animalis lacteus, notzeum (anterius) linea mediana et laterali coccinea ornatum, rhinophoria flavescentia, cirrhi apice e flavo rubri; branchia et area branchialis coccinee ; latera corporis superne linea coccinea ornata ; dorsum caude linea mediana coccinea.
Pl. XIII, figs. 6-11.
Of this beautiful form 5 specimens were sent, procured at rocks, Gordon’s Bay.
Two individuals were dissected. The colour of the living animal
as ‘‘ pink.”
The length of the animals was 8-13 mm. In the largest the breadth of the back proper was 5, the height 4:5 mm.; the height of the rhinophores 2, of the cirrhi 3 mm., the diameter of the gill 4, the foot 4 mm. broad, the tail 1 mm. long.—The ground colour was | milk-white, on the anterior part of the back a rather thin median crimson line and another on each side of the back proper, somewhat broader and more irregular, all three lines uniting in front; the rhinophores yellowish; the upper third or sometimes half of the cirrhi reddish yellow; the area branchialis and the gill-leaves of crimson colour; along the upper part of the sides of the body a more or less hefommmmiall line of similar colour, along the back of the tail a median line of the same nature.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 81
The form as in other Idaliz (fig. 6). The tentacles rather large, lobe-like; the rhinophores strong, not retractile, situated on the sides of the neck proper. The back with weak median crest, other- wise quite even; its prominent brim somewhat turned up, disappear- ing behind, and the back passing in the tail. The frontal brim carries 4, seldom 6 cirrhi, the lateral 8, but the hindermost always coalescent; the cirrhi pointed, finger-shaped, of nearly equal size, quite even; the brim quite even between the digitations. Behind the middle of the back stands the gill, consisting of 12, seldom 11, simple-pinnate, not large leaves, set in a wide arch (fig. 6), the hindermost somewhat smaller; the anal nipple a little behind the median leaf, at its base the renal pore. The sides of the body even. ‘The foot nearly as broad as the back, its brim not narrow; the tail short.
The intestines shone grayish through the sides and through the foot.
The central nervous system seemed to be as in Id. elegans formerly described by me (l.c., pp. 153-156).—The number of lamellae in the club of the rhinophores did not seem to be large. The skin (of the back) scantily provided with spicules, which were looser, hardened and crumbling, yellowish.
The whitish bulbus pharyngeus small, 2-2°75 mm. long; more than the half of it belongs to the (suctorial) crop, that covers the whole of the bulb proper, is somewhat embedded in its upper wall, not connected with it by a short stalk, but opening in it through a sht. This crop (fig. 7) is of the usual structure. On the bulbus proper the rasp-sheath projects a little behind; the lip disc is pro- vided with mandibular plates of a breadth up to 0:25 mm., the height of their elements (fig. 8) reaching 0:013 mm.—The tongue rather well developed; the narrow rasp nearly colourless, with erect tooth-plates (fig. 9). These last colourless; the height of the lateral plates 0:25, of the outer ones 0°08 mm. The number of rows of plates on the tongue 22-24, in the sheath 10-11, the total number of rows being thus 32-35. The lateral plates (figs. 9, 10a) of the form as in other Idaliz, but the hook finely serrated. The outer plates (fig. 106) also of the ordinary form.
The salivary glands (fig. 7aa) whitish, about as long as the bulbus pharyngeus.
The posterior visceral mass 8 mm. long by a diameter of 4; its posterior end rounded, the anterior with long and deep impression on the right and under side by the anterior genital mass. The mass shows only the hinder end of the brownish gray or grayish brown liver naked; this is elsewhere, on the whole of the upper side,
6
82 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Socrety.
covered by the very thick layer of the whitish hermaphrodite gland.
The hermaphrodite gland showed ripe genital elements in its lobes. The anterior genital mass in one of the two individuals 3, in the other 6 mm. long, rounded quadrangular in circumference, plano-convex, whitish and white. As far as could be determined by the hardened state of the organ, the relations of the prostata and the seminal bags were as in the typical species. The muscular part of the seminal duct not short, passing gradually into the somewhat thicker, whitish penis of a length of about 1 mm. The glans armed in the usual way with hooks, this armature for a short distance continued up into the seminal duct, and in one individual the anterior end of the armature freely projecting from the glans (fig. 11) for a length of 0:28 mm. and with a diameter of 0:06; the height of the small hooks hardly exceeding 0:0055 mm.
NUDIBRANCHIATA KLADOHEPATICA.
R. Bergh, System, l.c., 1892, pp. 999-1070.
Fam. TRITONIIDA.
R. Bergh, System der Nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden, 1892, pp. 1066-1070.
The family contains the typical ‘Tritoniz of Cuvier and the Marioniz of Vayssiere, the Tritoniopsis of Eliot,“ moreover the Atthilidee + with perfoliated rhinophores, which character otherwise is not seen in the Tritoniidew, and now the Tritonidoxe, different from all other Tritoniidse by the absence of gills on the sides of the back.
* Eliot, ‘‘ The Nudibranchiata of the Antarctic Expedition.’’ Trans. of the Royal Soc. of Edinburgh., xli., 3, 1905. pp. 530-532, figs. 17-20.
The description of the rhinophores is rather unintelligible.
{| R. Bergh, ‘‘Nudibranchiate Gasteropoder. ii. Den Danske Ingolf-Expedi- tion,’’ ii., 3, 1899. pp. 21-24; tab. iii., figs. 10-26. -
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 83
TRITONIA, Cuv. R. Bergh, System, /.c., p. 1068.
1. TRITONIA PALLIDA, Stimpson.
Stimpson, Descr. of some new Marine Invertebrata. Proc. of the Ac. of Nat. Sc. of Philadelphia, vii., 1856, p. 388.
Eliot, the Nudibranchiata of the Antarctic Expedition. Trans. Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh, xl, 3, 1905. p. 528, figs. 11-54
Pl. XIII, figs. 12-15; Taf. XIV., fig. 1.
One specimen of this form was procured in False Bay (Buffalo Bay) by shrimp-trawl. It is now very hard and stiff, not very suitable for anatomical examination.
The length of the animal is 5 cm. by a breadth of the back proper of 1:5 and a height of 1:2 cm. ; the breadth of the frontal veil 11 mm., the height of the rhinophore sheaths 3 mm., that of the gills 4 mm. ; the breadth of the foot in front 13 mm., its brim 3, the length of the tail 7 mm. The animal is now uniformly coloured white.*
The form is as usual, elongated, subquadrilateral ; the frontal veil somewhat bilobed, with 4 digitations on either lobe (as also remarked by Stimpson), the outermost one being the usual spoon-like tentacle ; the sheaths of the rhinophores erect, tubular, with digitate margin, the club as far as could be detected of the usual sword-knot form. The back all over somewhat nodular, flattened; the margin a little projecting, rising in about 12-14 gills of the usual kind and some- what varying size (according to Stimpson there are 16 gills and between those smaller ones). The genital opening as usual; the anus at about the middle of the body proper, under the sixth gill. The foot with a rather long slight marginal furrow, the brim not quite narrow; the tail rather long.
The intestines were nowhere to be seen from without.
The whitish central nervous system as usual; the nerve cells reaching a diameter up to 0°28 mm.
The strong bulbus pharyngeus 14 mm. long by a breadth of 8 and a height of 75; its form and structure as usual. The yellow man- dibles rather elongated, 14 mm. long by a breadth of 4 and a
* The specimen captured by Stimpson in False Bay, Cape, was when alive ‘“‘1inch long, of transparent white colour with a few flake-white spots on the back —the filaments around the truncated extremity of the sheaths of the tentacles of a dark brownish colour; a white line extends below and parallel to the branchiz on the sides of the body.”’
84 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
convexity of 2:5; the length of the hinge 2 mm. (fig. 12); the masticatory edge not broad with some small and usually 4-5 series of clumsy denticles (fig. 13), reaching a height of 0:16 mm., the masticatory process rather short (fig. 12a). The tongue large, as usual, quite hardened, so that neither the number of rows of plates in the colourless radula nor in the sheath could be determined; the number of plates also in the rows could not be ascertained ; it seemed to be rather considerable. The median as well as the first lateral plates yellowish, the rest colourless; the median plates of a breadth of 0:28 mm., the length of the first lateral 0°26, the height of the lateral rising to 0°28 mm. The median plates (fig. 1) of the usual form, as well as the first lateral (fig. 1) and as the following (fig. 14) ; towards the margin of the rasp the plates were sometimes of different form (fig. 15).
The salivary glands as usual. The cesophagus posteriorly dilated into a kind of stomach of a length of 8 mm. by a diameter of 4; the intestine as usual. The alimentary tract quiteempty. The posterior visceral mass (liver) 2°5 cm. long by a diameter of 1, conical, the anterior end obliquely truncate (for the anterior genital mass) ; its substance grayish, covered nearly all over by the thick layer of yellow hermaphrodite lobes.
In these last were ripe genital elements. The anterior genital mass somewhat globular, 10 mm. long by 7 in diameter; the very strong ampulla of the hermaphrodite duct with its two coils constituting at least a fourth part of the whole mass; the seminal vesicle longish (5°5 mm. long); the albumino-mucous gland yellowish and whitish.
The form here examined is very probably the Trit. pallida of Stimpson.
A smaller individual was procured by dredge at Cape Morgan, another by shrimp-trawl off Great Fish Point Lighthouse.
They were 18-21 mm. long by a breadth and a height of the body proper of 5-6; the height of the gills reached 2-5-3 mm. The colour was (yellowish) white, along the side of the body (as mentioned by Stimpson) ran a thin white line. On the right side the intestine shone grayish through and behind the yellowish white hermaphro- dite gland. The frontal veil showed all in all 10 digitations, and the margin of body 10-15 on each side.
The markedly whitish bulbus pharyngeus 5°9 mm. long. The yellow mandibles quite as above. The radula colourless, containing 33 series of plates, in the sheath 13, the total number of rows thus being 46. On each side of the median plates 32 lateral. The plates colourless, the breadth of the median 0:14 mm.
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 85
_ At a later date two specimens were procured off Constable Hill (NNE. 6% miles) by large trawl from green mud and a depth of 33 fms. The living animal showed the “back of light flesh colour.” One specimen was small, only 2:3 cm. long, but otherwise in respect to the frontal veil, the gills and even the everted glans penis entirely agreeing with the larger, which was more closely examined.
This last was 4°5 cm. long by a breadth of 1:8 and a height, with the gills, of 1:1; the breadth of the frontal veil 11 mm., the height of the sheath of the rhinophores 2 and of the club 3 mm., the height of the gills reaching up to 6 mm.; the breadth of the foot 14 mm.
The series of gills commenced with a small one, then followed 12-13 larger and finally came 5 small. The frontal veil on each side with 4 small fingers. The back quite even. The pointed conical glans penis projected straight out 5 mm.
The bulbus pharyngeus 13 mm. long by a height of 7 and a breadth of 8; the mandibles quite as above, the masticatory edge with some few (38-5) smaller and about 5 stronger series of flattened denticles. The cavity of the mouth colourless. The colourless rasp of the tongue seemed to contain 23 series of plates; the number of the lateral plates could not be determined. The plates as above; the breadth of the median 0:35 mm.
2. TRITONIA INDECORA, Bgh. n. sp. Pe xO oO be XV mesos.
Two individuals were procured off Cape Point by a shrimp-trawl. They were rather hardened and in a fair state of preservation ; the largest was, as far as possible, examined anatomically.
The specimens had a length of 30-35 mm. The breadth of the back was in the largest 11 and the height also 11.
_ The colour was whitish all over. When alive, they were of a “pinkish colour.”
The form was as usual; the narrow frontal veil with a slight median emargination, each side of which was provided with 11-12 pointed finger-like processes, the outermost slightly spoon-shaped. The rhinophores seemed of the usual kind; their sheath somewhat crenulated with a stronger outer lobe. The back quite even, the margin slightly projecting, rising (in the two individuals) on each side in 5-8 rather low arborescences (of a height up to about 3 mm.) ; between these here and there were some much smaller ones. The foot as above.
The intestines nowhere shining through.
86 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
The central nervous system yellowish red; the cerebro-pleural ganglia roundish, a little larger than the rounded pedal ganglia ; the cerebro- and pleuro-pedal connectives short; the double chief commissure rather wide. The optic nerve long, the eye of 0:14 mm. diameter; the otocyst measuring about 0°10 in diameter.
The bulbus pharyngeus whitish, only the palate and the pharynx being black; the length was 10 by a breadth of 7 and a height of 6 mm. The bright yellow mandibles 10 mm. long, together measuring in breadth 6 mm.,. and one only 3 mm.; the form about as in the other species, but the hinge a little larger, about 2:25 mm. long; the masticatory edge a little broader, with 5 rows of projecting denticles of a height up to0:'10 mm. The tongue whitish with yellow rasp, which behind at the tectum radule had a breadth of 6mm.; the rasp contained 26 series of teeth, the sheath 13, the total number being thus 39; the rows had, on each side of the median plate up to 60 lateral. The plates were yellow; the breadth of the median was 0°25 mm., the length of the first lateral 0-18, the height of the lateral rising to 0°30 mm. The median plates (fig. 2) resembling those of the former species, but with the hook always rounded ; the lateral plates (fig. 16, 3) as above.
The long, white, rather thin salivary glands as usual. The stomach-like cesophagus 8 mm. long by a diameter of 5, whitish and contrasting with the black pharynx; the intestine making a large arch, 13 mm. long. The contents of the digestive tract were a red mass of sponge, full of red spicules of a length up to 9 mm.
The posterior visceral mass, 16 mm. long by a diameter of 8, pointed behind, obliquely truncate before, with a large excavation for the cesophagus and anterior genital mass. The liver brownish gray, but nearly quite covered by the thick yellowish layer of the large lobes of the hermaphrodite gland.
In the lobules of the hermaphrodite gland ripe genital elements. The anterior genital mass triangular-rounded of a diameter of 7 mm., white, the ampulla of the hermaphrodite duct grayish; the coils of the sperm duct measured when stretched out 2 cm.; the seminal vesicle globular, of a diameter of 2 mm.
The nature of the frontal veil and of the gills, the colour of the palate and pharynx and the form of the median tooth-plates seem to justify the establishment of a new species.
TRITONIDOXA, Bgh. nov. gen.
Forma corporis ut in Tritoniis, ita quoque velum frontale mar- gine breve-digitato tentaculis cochleariformibus sicut rhinophoria, Notzum leve limbo sat sato, sine branchiis,
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. oT
Bulbus pharyngeus ut in Tritoniis, ita mandibule cum processu masticatorio, et ita radula.
This genus* differs from the other generic types chiefly in the total want of branchie on the sides of the back. Otherwise the group agrees almost entirely with the other Tritonie in the form of the body, the frontal veil with its peculiar tentacles, and the sword- knot-rhinophores. It has, too, the same form of the bulbus pharyngeus with its mandibles and of the armature of the tongue.
TRITONIDOXA CAPENSIS, B, n. sp. Pl. VIILI., figs. 8-13.
One specimen of this form was taken by dredge off Glendower Beacon from a depth of 66 fms. ; the bottom was broken shells and stones,
It was 3:2 cm. long by a breadth of 1:5 and a height up to 1 cm. ; the breadth of the frontal (tentacular) veil was 11 mm., the height of the rhinophores 6, the breadth of the brim of the back 6 mm.; the breadth of the foot 11 mm., of its brim 3. It was of a uniform white colour.
The form of the animal, as in other Tritoniide, somewhat pointed towards the hinder end. The frontal veil (fig. 8) not much projecting, quite even, at the margin with 2-3 short finger-shaped processes on each side besides the tentacular. The margin of the rhinophore cavities somewhat prominent, even; the stalk of the rhinophores as high as the swordknot-like club. The back entirely even, its brim rather broad, very undulating, also quite even on the under side. The sides of the body rather low ; from the genital opening the glans of the penis projected (very curved) for a length of 2-5 cm.; the small anal papilla at the base of the brim of the back behind the middle of the length of the body. The foot rounded in front, with a slight marginal furrow; the brim not narrow. On the left side an intestine shone grayish through.
The cavity of the body ending 14 mm. from its end.
The central nervous system as in other Tritoniide#x, the cerebro- pleural ganglia not quite as large as the pedal.
The white bulbus pharyngeus of typical form, 8 mm. long by a breadth of 6 and a height of 5 mm.; the muscular plate on the fore side of the mandibles was as usual. The mandibles measured in a straight line 6 mm.; they were yellowish, only the masticatory edge being brownish yellow; their form was as usual, but rather
* Avga, presumption, conjecture,
88 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society.
narrow and the hinder end more pointed (fig. 9); the masticatory edge about 0:14 mm. high, showing about 5-6 series of cones, whose point projected about 0:025 mm. (fig. 10). The tongue as usual, strong, the rasp nearly colourless, tapering anteriorly, containing 31 series of plates, in the sheath moreover 34, of which the three hindermost were not quite developed, the total number of series being thus 65. The number of lateral plates on each side of the ~ median seemed to rise to 75. The median plates bright yellow, the lateral colourless ; the breadth of the median 0:16 mm., the height of the lateral up to 0:16, that of the outermost 0°12. The median plates of the form common in the Tritoniide, but rather broad, with a clumsy short median hook and two similar a little smaller (fig. 11). The first lateral plate also typical, different from the rest (fig. 11) ; these were of the common hook form, but slender (fig. 12), the innermost more clumsy (fig. 11).
The whitish salivary glands as usual.
The cesophagus short, about 3 mm. long. The stomach partly lying on the left side of the liver, somewhat constricted in the middle, 9 mm. long by a breadth up to 4:5, empty; the longitudinal folds of the anterior part much stronger than those of the posterior. The intestine issuing from the stomach near its end, ending near the end of the liver.
The liwer brownish yellow, conical, 11 mm. long by a breadth in front of 5; the anterior part was partly isolated from the rest by a deep cleft entering from the right side and a smaller one interpolated between the pylorus and the intestine.
The large lobes of the yellowish white hermaphrodtte gland were spread over the upper side of the liver, and contained ripe genital elements. The rather thick yellowish coils of the hermaphrodite duct lay on the inside of the anterior genital mass. This last some- what pear-shaped, 7 mm. long, white. The seminal vesicle globular, of a diameter of 2 mm. ; the vaginal duct 2 em. long. The preputiwm pems thin, reverted; the glans very long (3 cm.), its greater part (2°5 cm.) freely projecting, cylindrical, with pointed end (fig. 18); the seminal duct opened at its end.
AMOLIDITD A. R. Bergh, System, /.c., pp. 1002-1039.
JANIDZi. R. Bergh, System, /.c., pp. 1036-1037.
Corpus nonnihil depressum, margo dorsalis ‘gaye cia bursee
The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa. 89
cnidogene nullz; anus ut plurimum dorsalis, posticus medianus ; rhinophoria ut plurimum perfoliata, tentacula brevia; margo anterior podarii angulis vix prominentibus.
Mandibule fortissime, margo masticatorius applanatus, aut edentulus aut denticulis crassioribus armatus. Radula ut plurimum lata et multiseriata ; dentes, mediani sicut laterales, elongati hamati non denticulati.
Penis inermis.
The Janide form a very distinct group. The anus lies mostly dorsal, far backwards and median. But their most essential character is the possession of colossal mandibles, the flat mastica- tory edge of which is even or bears very strong denticles. The lingual teeth, median as well as lateral, are elongate, never denticulate.
The family contains a few genera, mostly very distinct.
I. Janus, Verany. Ky Bersh., Beitr; dieu xxut, IS(4) pp.a9%—b0o; vil., dic., Xxxil,, 1882, pp. 64-66. Vayssiére, l.c., 1888, pp. 29-32. Rhinophoria perfoliata, crista interrhinophorialis ; anus dorsalis. Margo masticatorius latus dentatus. Radula multiseriata.
1. J. cristatus (delle Chiaje). M, Atlantic., Medtterr.
2. J. ? sanguineus, Angas. M. Pacific.
II. JaANouus, Bgh. R. Bergh, Rep. on the Nudibr., /.c., 1884, pp. 18-23.—Malacolog. Unters,, vi, 1. 1904, p..6.
Rhinophoria